A method for torque control of an electric vehicle on a slippery road surface and a terminal device are provided. The method includes: presetting a torque-lower-limit-value; setting, when an anti-lock braking system of the electric vehicle is activated, the torque-lower-limit-value as a second numerical value to reduce an absolute value of a reverse torque exerted on the vehicle wheel due to the energy recovery, and the vehicle wheel enters an anti-lock state; maintaining the anti-lock state of the vehicle wheel for a preset first time period; comparing the currently requested torque value with a preset third numerical value after the first time period is passed; and resetting the torque-lower-limit-value to the first numerical value to enable the vehicle wheel to exit the anti-lock state, if the currently requested torque value is greater than the third numerical state.

A technique provides power-limiting regenerative braking to a utility vehicle. The technique involves detecting that the utility vehicle is moving in a forward direction at a first speed. The technique further involves applying a first regenerative braking power level to the utility vehicle in response to detecting that the utility vehicle is moving in the forward direction at the first speed. The technique further involves detecting that the utility vehicle is moving in the forward direction at a second speed which is less than the first speed. The technique further involves applying a second regenerative braking power level to the utility vehicle in response to detecting that the utility vehicle is moving in the forward direction at the second speed. The second regenerative braking power level is lower than the first regenerative braking power level.

A system and method for operating a transport refrigeration system including: a trailer system including a vehicle connected to a transport container; an electric generation device operably connected to a wheel axle of the trailer system, the electric generation device configured to rotate at an operating frequency, and to generate electrical power from the rotational energy of the wheel axle for charging an energy storage device when the electric generation device is activated; an energy management system for providing power to the transportation refrigeration unit of the trailer system, the energy management system including an energy controller in communication with at least one of the electric generation device and the energy storage device, wherein the energy controller is configured to modify the operation of the electric generation device when the operating frequency of the electric generation device is equal to or less than an energy controller operating limit.

An apparatus for controlling driving of a transport vehicle in a goods transport system includes a processing unit providing information on a movement path of the transport vehicle, a motion controller generating a drive signal including front- and rear-wheel torque signals for driving front and rear wheels, respectively, of the transport vehicle, a front-wheel torque controller controlling rotation torque of the front wheel on the basis of the front-wheel torque signal, and a rear-wheel torque controller controlling rotation torque of the rear wheel on the basis of the rear-wheel torque signal. The motion controller includes a position controller generating a positional signal determining a position of the transport vehicle, a speed controller generating a speed signal determining a speed of the transport vehicle, and a torque distributor generating the front- and rear-wheel torque signals.

A control device may be configured for responding to failure for ensuring the stability of a vehicle by switching from a two-wheel-drive mode to a four-wheel-drive mode when detecting failure of the brake system in a two-wheel-drive mode.

A vehicle includes an axle, an electric machine, a first wheel, a second wheel, a first friction brake, a second friction brake, and a controller. The controller is programmed to, in response to and during an anti-locking braking event, generate first and second signals indicative of a braking torque demand at the first and second wheels, respectively, based on a difference between a desired wheel slip ratio and an actual wheel slip ratio of the first and second wheels, respectively, adjust a regenerative braking torque of the electric machine based on a product of the first signal and a regenerative braking weighting coefficient, adjust a first friction braking torque based on a product of the first signal and a friction braking weighting coefficient, and adjust a second friction braking torque based on the second signal and dynamics of the first and second output shafts.

Fuzzy-logic based traction control for electric vehicles is provided. The system detects a wheel slip ratio for each wheel. The system receives an input torque command. The system determines a slip error for each wheel based on the wheel slip ratio for each wheel and a target wheel slip ratio. The system, using the fuzzy-logic based control selection technique, selects a traction control technique from one of a least-quadratic-regulator, a sliding mode controller, a loop-shaping based controller, or a model predictive controller. The system generates a compensation torque value for each wheel. The system generates the compensation torque value based on the traction control technique selected via the fuzzy-logic based control selection technique and the slip error for each wheel. The system transmits commands to actuate drive units of the vehicles based on the compensation torque value.

A control device of an electric vehicle includes: a target rotation speed calculation unit that calculates a target rotation speed of a drive wheel based on a vehicle body speed; and a slip control unit that detects a slip of the drive wheel when a wheel speed exceeds the target rotation speed of the drive wheel and that controls motor torque of the motor in such a manner that the wheel speed becomes an appropriate rotation speed in detection of the slip. Further, the slip control unit controls the motor torque by feedback control according to a difference between the rotation speed of the motor and the target rotation speed of the drive wheel in detection of the slip.

An apparatus for operating an electric machine of a vehicle during a recuperation process is provided. The vehicle includes a first electric machine which is coupled to a first axle of the vehicle, and a second electric machine which can be coupled to a second axle of the vehicle. The apparatus is configured to determine, on the basis of sensor data from one or more sensors in the vehicle, whether the second electric machine should be used to recuperate electric energy during a recuperation process in addition to the first electric machine. The apparatus is also configured, depending on this determination, to operate the second electric machine during the recuperation process in order to recuperate electric energy.

Disclosed herein is a braking system including a hydraulic braking device configured to supply a hydraulic pressure to front and rear wheels of a vehicle to perform braking of the vehicle and a controller configured to control the hydraulic braking device to compensate for a coast regeneration torque reduction amount, which is applied to a driving motor driving the rear wheels, using a hydraulic braking amount based on a slip rate of the rear wheel being greater than or equal to a preset threshold value during a regenerative braking by the driving motor.