A vehicle includes an electric machine, friction brakes, a drivetrain, and a controller. The electric machine is configured to recharge a battery during regenerative braking. The friction brakes are configured to apply torque to wheels of the vehicle to slow the vehicle. The controller is programmed to, in response to and during an anti-locking braking event, generate a signal indicative of a total torque demand to brake the vehicle based on a difference between a desired wheel slip ratio and an actual wheel slip ratio, adjust a regenerative braking torque based on a product of the signal and a regenerative braking weighting coefficient, adjust a friction braking torque based on a product of the signal and a friction braking weighting coefficient, and further adjust the regenerative braking torque based on a closed-loop control of an estimated regenerative braking torque feedback.

A brake control apparatus of a vehicle may include: a front wheel braking unit implemented as an EMB (Electro Mechanical Brake) and configured to perform friction braking; a rear wheel braking unit implemented as a driving motor, and configured to perform regenerative braking or plugging braking; and a control unit configured to control the rear wheel braking unit to perform the plugging braking by switching the rear wheel braking unit to location-based control, when a vehicle is stopped by a brake operation, and to control the front wheel braking unit and the rear wheel braking unit by adjusting a braking distribution ratio of a front wheel to a rear wheel depending on whether the stopped vehicle slips.

A hybrid electric vehicle having one or more controllers, at least two independently driven electric machines (EMs) that are each coupled to separate drive wheels, and controllers configured to generate a torque split ratio responsive to lateral acceleration and/or unequal friction coefficients detected during braking, and to generate electric power with the motors by regeneratively braking each wheel with unequal torques adjusted by the ratio, such that combined wheel braking torques do not exceed a total braking torque limit for the vehicle. In some configurations, the controller(s) generate the torque split ratio by a predetermined lookup table that maps a plurality of torque split ratios to lateral accelerations, the coefficients, and other parameters. Further arrangements include the controller(s) coupled with sensors that detect wheel slip and yaw rate, and responsive to a braking signal, the controller(s) disengage regenerative braking when the wheel slip and/or vehicle yaw are detected.

A brake force control apparatus allocates all of required brake force to a target front wheel friction brake force when the required brake force is equal to or smaller than a maximum regeneration brake force. The apparatus decreases the target regeneration brake force by a first predetermined amount at a first time point at which a front wheel acceleration varies from a value larger than a first acceleration threshold to a value equal to or smaller than the first acceleration threshold. The apparatus increases the target regeneration brake force in such a manner that the target regeneration brake force coincides with the required brake force, if the front wheel acceleration becomes larger than a second acceleration threshold in a period from the first time point to a second time point at which a predetermined time elapses from the first time point.

A vehicle control system for reducing turn radius of a vehicle may include a controller and a torque control module operably coupled to the controller and to front wheels of a front axle of the vehicle and rear wheels of a rear axle of the vehicle. The controller may also be operably coupled to components and/or sensors of the vehicle to receive information including vehicle wheel speed and steering wheel angle. The torque control module may be operable, responsive to control by the controller, to apply a negative torque to an inside rear wheel during a turn and apply a positive torque to the front axle during the turn to compensate for the negative torque applied to the inside rear wheel to reduce the turn radius based on the steering wheel angle and the vehicle speed.

A method for improving the force transmission between a wheel of a vehicle and the road is disclosed. The method has the following steps: determining target dynamics of a wheel; and, adjusting the dynamics of the wheel by a driving device of the vehicle by actively applying a torque to the wheel to set the target dynamics. A device, a vehicle, and a computer product are disclosed to execute the method.

A vehicle includes an axle, electric machine, friction, brakes, and a controller. The axle has an input shaft to an open differential and output shaft extending out of the open differential. The electric machine is secured to the input shaft and wheels are secured to the output shafts. The controller is programmed to, in response to an anti-locking braking event, generate a signal indicative of a total torque demand to brake the vehicle based on a difference between a desired and an actual wheel slip ratio, adjust a regenerative braking torque of the electric machine based on signal and a regenerative braking weighting coefficient to maintain or drive actual wheel slip toward the desired wheel slip, and adjust a friction braking torque of the friction brakes based on the signal and a friction braking weighting coefficient to drive actual wheel slip at or toward the desired wheel slip.

A system and a method for preventing instability of a vehicle due to regenerative braking of a rear, may include a first controller configured of distributing braking torque of front and rear wheels for a deceleration level according to a basic regenerative braking distribution ratio on a regenerative brake map on the basis of a driver demand braking amount, and configured of previously reducing a rear-wheel regenerative braking torque of the rear wheel to a first reference value or less than the first reference value in an adjustment section between first and second deceleration; and a second controller connected to the first controller and configured of further reducing the rear-wheel regenerative braking torque to transmit it to the first controller, if a wheel slip value is greater than a reference slip value according to vehicle driving information during braking of the vehicle.

An energy storage system comprising at least one energy storage module adapted to supply electrical energy to a hybrid vehicle. The energy storage module comprises an enclosure, at least one battery array located within the enclosure, and an energy storage controller module located within the enclosure and electrically connected to the battery array. The energy storage module further comprises a compliant tipped thermistor which may be installed within a flexible clip. The thermistor is positioned to monitor the temperature of one or more of the batteries within the energy storage system.

An electric motor controller adapted to provide anti-lock braking of an electric traction motor for an electric vehicle is disclosed herein. The electric motor controller comprises a torque demand input for receiving a torque demand input signal based on a request from an operator of the electric vehicle and a torque demand adjuster adapted to adjust the torque demand input signal and to provide an adjusted torque demand signal. The torque demand adjuster is configured to adjust the torque demand signal such that the motor is controlled to reduce the difference between a motor speed and an estimated speed of the electric vehicle.