Provided is a battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolytic solution, and a particle-containing resin layer that contains particles and a resin. A shape of the particles includes a plane, a plane rate of the particles is greater than 40% and equal to or less than 100%, and a refractive index of the particles is equal to or greater than 1.3 and less than 2.4.

A vehicle state display device for a vehicle includes an output limiting unit that limits an output of the vehicle when charge of a battery is equal to or smaller than a first value and a battery state display unit that displays a state of the battery. The battery state display unit switches and displays a first display mode indicating that the state of charge of the battery exceeds a second value that is larger than the first value, a second display mode indicating that the state of charge of the battery is equal to or smaller than the second value and exceeds the first value and the output of the vehicle may be limited, and a third display mode indicating that the state of charge of the battery is equal to or smaller than the first value and the output of the vehicle is being limited.

A power supply system 1 includes: a DC power supply 30; a variable voltage power supply 7 serving as an isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter that outputs power of a variable voltage E2 from a pair of secondary-side input/output terminals 72p and 72n; a positive electrode power line 21 and a negative electrode power line 22 that are connected to both electrodes of the DC power supply 30; a switching circuit 5 including a plurality of arm switching elements 51, 52, 53, and 54 that connect the power lines 21 and 22 and a load 4; a backflow prevention switching element 34 that is provided on the positive electrode power line 21 between the pair of secondary-side input/output terminals 72p and 72n; a power supply driver 6 that operates the variable voltage power supply 7 and the backflow prevention switching element 34; and a switching circuit driver 8.

A power supply system 1 includes: a DC power supply 30; a variable voltage power supply 7 serving as an isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter that outputs power of a variable voltage E2 from a pair of secondary-side input/output terminals 72p and 72n; a positive electrode power line 21 and a negative electrode power line 22 that are connected to both electrodes of the DC power supply 30; a switching circuit 5 including a plurality of arm switching elements 51, 52, 53, and 54 that connect the power lines 21 and 22 and a load 4; a backflow prevention switching element 34 that is provided on the positive electrode power line 21 between the pair of secondary-side input/output terminals 72p and 72n; a power supply driver 6 that operates the variable voltage power supply 7 and the backflow prevention switching element 34; and a switching circuit driver 8.

A method for controlling a hybrid vehicle includes an engine, a battery charged with electric power generated by the engine, and a motor as a drive source and having multiple running modes that can be selected through a mode operation. As the running mode, the method for controlling a hybrid vehicle includes a normal mode configured to perform charging of the battery according to a running state; and a charge mode configured to electric power generation by the engine according to a mode operation, the method comprising setting an upper limit of charging electric power based on the generated electric power in the charge mode to be lower than an upper limit of charging electric power based on the generated electric power in the normal mode.

A linear motor/generator/transmission system includes a guideway with rails and a plurality of stator cores and coils evenly disposed along the length and in the center of the guideway. The system also includes a carriage configured to travel along the guideway having at least two magnet bars with alternating pole magnets, each successive magnet of each magnet bar mounted in front of the other in a direction of travel of the carriage. In embodiments, the magnet bars are mounted parallel to and on either side of a longitudinal centerline of the carriage such that, when adjacent to the center line and each other, the at least two magnet bars are positioned over the stator coils and are configured to be slidably translated away from the center line of the carriage to a position where the at least two magnet bars are not over the stator coils.

A linear motor/generator/transmission system includes a guideway with rails and a plurality of stator cores and coils evenly disposed along the length and in the center of the guideway. The system also includes a carriage configured to travel along the guideway having at least two magnet bars with alternating pole magnets, each successive magnet of each magnet bar mounted in front of the other in a direction of travel of the carriage. In embodiments, the magnet bars are mounted parallel to and on either side of a longitudinal centerline of the carriage such that, when adjacent to the center line and each other, the at least two magnet bars are positioned over the stator coils and are configured to be slidably translated away from the center line of the carriage to a position where the at least two magnet bars are not over the stator coils.

Aspects of the invention are directed towards a system and method for safe decoupling of the external power supply from a vehicle. The technology described herein provides an indication or an alert to the user at an appropriate time and avoids the possible damage to the system. The system comprises an electrical port by which the refrigerator can be connected to an external AC mains supply via an electrical cable when the vehicle is in stationary state. The system further comprises a refrigerator main controller unit (RMU) for controlling the power delivered to the refrigerator in both stationary and driving states of the vehicle. There is a safety system installed for restricting the vehicle from being driven when the electrical port of the system is connected to the AC mains supply via the electrical cable and the refrigerator is powered by the AC mains supply.

An electrified vehicle includes an engine configured to selectively apply propulsive torque to wheels of a first axle of the vehicle, a first electric machine configured to selectively apply propulsive torque to the wheels of the first axle of the vehicle, a second electric machine configured to selectively apply propulsive torque to wheels of a second axle of the vehicle, a traction battery electrically coupled to the first and second electric machines, and a controller configured to control engine torque, first electric machine torque, and second electric machine torque to provide a driver demand torque at the wheels of the first and second axles. The controller allocates torque between the first and second electric machines based on associated combined losses of the first and second electric machines and maintaining the torque of the first and second electric machines in the same direction.

A battery control device includes a processor that is configured to estimate a full charge capacity of a battery based on an amount of current supplied to the battery from a start of charging to an end of charging and voltages of the battery at the start of charging and the end of charging when the battery is charged from a state where a voltage of the battery is below a predetermined start voltage threshold value to a state where the voltage exceeds a predetermined end voltage threshold value, and the battery satisfies a predetermined permission condition.