A monitoring device for monitoring an impedance of a protective conductor. The monitoring device has a first voltage divider for connection to a voltage source including a series connection to a first resistor and a second resistor. The second resistor has a resistance value which corresponds to a threshold value for the impedance of the protective conductor. A second voltage divider includes a series connection to a third resistor and a bridge diode and a connection to the first resistor at a first end of the third resistor and connectable to a second end of the third resistor and to the protective conductor. A measuring device is provided for the detection of a bridge voltage between a first node and a second node if the impedance of the protective conductor is greater than the value of the second resistor.

This application is directed to an apparatus for providing electrical charge to a vehicle. The apparatus comprises a driven mass configured to rotate in response to a kinetic energy of the vehicle, the driven mass coupled to a shaft, where rotation of the driven mass causes the shaft to rotate. The apparatus further comprises a hardware controller. The hardware controller identifies output power parameters for the vehicle and generate a control signal based on the identified output power parameters for the vehicle. The apparatus also comprises a generator that generates an electrical output based on a mechanical input and a conditioning circuit electrically coupled to the generator. The conditioning circuit receives the electrical output from the generator and the control signal from the hardware controller, generates a charge output based on the electrical output and the control signal, and conveys the charge output to the vehicle.

An external electric vehicle battery thermal management system is described. An electric vehicle thermal system provides external coolant to an internal battery thermal system of an electric vehicle. The internal battery thermal system includes a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger to cool or warm the set of batteries of the electric vehicle. The external coolant is pumped through a first side of the heat exchanger and serves as the source to cool or heat internal coolant pumped through a second side of the heat exchanger. The external coolant and the internal coolant do not mix.

A contact element arrangement for an electric vehicle (EV) connector configured to connect a charging wire to a connector interface on vehicle-side includes a contact element and a heat pipe. The contact element comprises a base portion to which a charging wire is connected and a contact portion, which is adapted to contact a counter contact element on a vehicle side. The base portion is cooled by a fluid, and the heat pipe extends from the contact portion to the base portion and is configured to carry heat from the contact portion to the base portion.

A contact element for an electric vehicle (EV) connector that is configured to connect a charging wire to a connector interface on a vehicle side includes a front part and at least one base. The front part comprises walls having an inner and an outer side that enclose a hollow chamber, which is partly filled with a fluid, and the inner side of the walls are designed having a capillary structure.

An electric vehicle (EV) charging connector comprises a charging cable. The charging cable comprises charging lines configured to carry charging current and at least one air tube. The contact element is connected to the charging cable and is the galvanic contact interface to a car inlet; and each air tube is configured to lead an air stream directly to the hot portion of the EV charging connector such that air of the air stream flows around the hot portion.

An electric vehicle (EV) charging connector comprises a charging cable. The charging cable comprises charging lines configured to carry charging current and at least one air tube. The contact element is connected to the charging cable and is the galvanic contact interface to a car inlet; and each air tube is configured to lead an air stream directly to the hot portion of the EV charging connector such that air of the air stream flows around the hot portion.

A communication terminal owned by a user who desires to use a charging device for an electric vehicle transmits a charging start command for the charging device. The communication terminal transmits the charging start command and an authentication key to a charging control device. When the authentication key is received, the charging control device attached to an outlet of the charging device authenticates the communication terminal, and when the authentication succeeds, the charging control device controls the charging device to start charging.

A communication terminal owned by a user who desires to use a charging device for an electric vehicle transmits a charging start command for the charging device. The communication terminal transmits the charging start command and an authentication key to a charging control device. When the authentication key is received, the charging control device attached to an outlet of the charging device authenticates the communication terminal, and when the authentication succeeds, the charging control device controls the charging device to start charging.

A female terminal connectable to a male terminal is provided. At least one of the male terminal and the female terminal is coolable by a coolant. The female terminal includes a female terminal body electrically connectable to the male terminal, and a heat transfer member that transfers cold of the coolant. The female terminal body includes a space forming portion forming a receiving space that receives the male terminal, and a contact portion protruding from the space forming portion and coming into electrical contact with the male terminal. The heat transfer member is electrically insulating and disposed in the receiving space, and comes into thermal contact with the male terminal and the space forming portion when the male terminal is inserted in the receiving space.