Various disclosed embodiments include illustrative controller units, systems, vehicles, and methods. In an illustrative embodiment, a controller unit includes a communication component, a controller and a memory. The communication component is configured to communicate with a direct current charging device. The controller is configured to communicate with the communication component and the memory. The memory is configured to store computer-executable instructions configured to cause the controller to determine a target location, receive location information of a vehicle, receive state of charge information, determine a charging request in response to the target location, the location information of the vehicle, and the state of charge information, and send, via the communication component, the determined charging request to the direct current charging device connectable to the vehicle.

A server that manages energy of a power grid by using a plurality of energy storage resources includes a loss obtaining unit and a selector. The loss obtaining unit obtains for each of the plurality of energy storage resources, energy loss including retention loss and input and output loss, the energy loss being caused in storing energy in each energy storage resource. When surplus electric power occurs in the power grid, the selector selects at least one energy storage resource for storing surplus electric power from among the plurality of energy storage resources based on the energy loss caused in storing surplus electric power.

A charging amount calculation apparatus calculates an amount of power consumption by a battery for running along a running route and a during-running charging amount received by a power reception apparatus from at least one second power feeding facility. The charging amount calculation apparatus calculates a pre-running charging amount based on the amount of power consumption and the during-running charging amount.

A charging amount calculation apparatus calculates an amount of power consumption by a battery for running along a running route and a during-running charging amount received by a power reception apparatus from at least one second power feeding facility. The charging amount calculation apparatus calculates a pre-running charging amount based on the amount of power consumption and the during-running charging amount.

An update control apparatus of a vehicle to which a dual-power supply is applied, includes: a communication device configured to obtain update software for an update target controller from a server; a processor configured to determine whether to perform updating of a vehicle using the obtained update software by determining statuses of an auxiliary battery and a main battery of the vehicle; and a storage configured to store data and algorithms driven by the processor.

An update control apparatus of a vehicle to which a dual-power supply is applied, includes: a communication device configured to obtain update software for an update target controller from a server; a processor configured to determine whether to perform updating of a vehicle using the obtained update software by determining statuses of an auxiliary battery and a main battery of the vehicle; and a storage configured to store data and algorithms driven by the processor.

A controller initiates discharging of at least some cells of a traction battery based on data indicative of cell state of charge and cell capacity such that, upon completion of the discharging, states of charge of at least some of the cells are different, and after charging the cells with a same current for a same period of time, the states of charge fall with a predefined range of values.

A controller initiates discharging of at least some cells of a traction battery based on data indicative of cell state of charge and cell capacity such that, upon completion of the discharging, states of charge of at least some of the cells are different, and after charging the cells with a same current for a same period of time, the states of charge fall with a predefined range of values.

A power supply system includes: a power supply facility configured to receive power supply from an external power source and execute power supply to a vehicle traveling in a traveling lane; and a vehicle management apparatus configured to manage a plurality of vehicles configured to use the power supply facility, select adjustment vehicles used for power adjustment of the external power source from among the plurality of vehicles, and when any one of the selected adjustment vehicles has reached a predetermined position in the traveling lane, release the one of the adjustment vehicles that has reached the predetermined position from the power adjustment of the external power source.

A power supply system includes: a power supply facility configured to receive power supply from an external power source and execute power supply to a vehicle traveling in a traveling lane; and a vehicle management apparatus configured to manage a plurality of vehicles configured to use the power supply facility, select adjustment vehicles used for power adjustment of the external power source from among the plurality of vehicles, and when any one of the selected adjustment vehicles has reached a predetermined position in the traveling lane, release the one of the adjustment vehicles that has reached the predetermined position from the power adjustment of the external power source.