A method of estimating a deteriorated state of a battery includes steps S102 to S110. S102 is a step of obtaining a voltage and a current of the battery a plurality of times for a data acquisition period. S104 is a step of calculating an amount of change in current, an amount of change in temperature, and an amount of change in SOC during the data acquisition period. S106 is a step of obtaining an allowable amount of change in current, an allowable amount of change in temperature, and an allowable amount of change in SOC based on an average temperature. S110 is a step of calculating an impedance component for each frequency bandwidth based on the voltage and the current by subjecting the voltage and the current to Fourier transform when all amounts of change are smaller than the allowable amounts of change.

A method of estimating a deteriorated state of a battery includes steps S102 to S110. S102 is a step of obtaining a voltage and a current of the battery a plurality of times for a data acquisition period. S104 is a step of calculating an amount of change in current, an amount of change in temperature, and an amount of change in SOC during the data acquisition period. S106 is a step of obtaining an allowable amount of change in current, an allowable amount of change in temperature, and an allowable amount of change in SOC based on an average temperature. S110 is a step of calculating an impedance component for each frequency bandwidth based on the voltage and the current by subjecting the voltage and the current to Fourier transform when all amounts of change are smaller than the allowable amounts of change.

A power supply system includes a first energy storage, a second energy storage, a power transmission circuit, and circuitry. The circuitry acquires a request supply amount, a request output amount, and failure detection information. The circuitry controls the power transmission circuit in accordance with the at least one of the request supply amount and the request output amount such that a ratio of an amount of electric power supplied from or to the first energy storage and an amount of electric power supplied from or to the second energy storage is to be a first ratio in a normal operating. The circuitry controls the power transmission circuit in accordance with the at least one of the request supply amount and the request output amount such that the ratio is to be a second ratio which is different from the first ration in a partial failure state.

A method and a system for stabilizing battery cells of an energy storage system (ESS) to enable uniform charge/discharge without the generation of a state of charge (SOC) deviation among the battery cells by charging/discharging the plurality of battery cells included in a battery rack differently by module unit to minimize the deterioration and impact caused by intermittent charge/discharge.

A power supply device for a vehicle that is chargeable from an external power supply provided external to the vehicle, including a main battery and a battery pack that is attachable to and detachable from the vehicle. The battery pack includes a sub battery for driving electric loads common to the main battery and the sub battery, and a connector provided with a first storage unit storing information related to the sub battery. The power supply device for the vehicle further includes a control device performing control related to the main battery, and reading the information from the first storage unit and performing control related to the sub battery.

An electric locomotive includes a first control line and DC buses laid between couplers, a power storage device connected to the DC buses, and a DC/DC converter that executes charge and discharge control with respect to the power storage device. A non-powered vehicle includes DC buses connected to the DC buses via a coupler, a second control line, a power storage device connected to the DC buses via a circuit breaker, and a BMU that manages the power storage device. The DC/DC converter executes power accumulation control with respect to the power storage device and power accumulation control with respect to the power storage device. When having determined abnormality of the power storage device, the BMU controls the circuit breaker to be turned off, thereby cutting off electrical connection between the power storage device and the DC buses.

The embodiments herein provide an energy storage battery system constituting multiple banks of individual batteries, each of which may have different characteristics, and methods of operation of the system. The multiple battery banks configuration is based on split battery configuration derived by a splitter based on a probability distribution function (pdf) of expected usage pattern, optimization goal, and battery characteristics of a corresponding single battery system. The energy system optimizes at least one of cost, weight or size of the overall system by rotating usage of various battery banks based on usage pattern.

A battery system of an electric vehicle includes a plurality of battery packs. Each battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells enclosed within a housing. A battery management device is electrically connected to each of the battery packs and configured to control an electrical output of the plurality of battery packs.

A battery system of an electric vehicle includes a plurality of battery packs. Each battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells enclosed within a housing. A battery management device is electrically connected to each of the battery packs and configured to control an electrical output of the plurality of battery packs.

A control system for a vehicle to prevent a reduction in a drive force due to increase in an internal resistance of a battery. A controller calculates a command value of an output power of the battery to be transmitted to a motor in future, and predicts an internal resistance of the battery at the point to discharge the electric power from the battery in the amount of the command value. If it is expected that the battery will not be possible to discharge the electric power in the amount of the command value, the controller reduces a load on the battery by increasing an amount of the electric power supplied to the motor from the generator before the battery can no longer discharge the electric power in the amount of the command value.