A method for restoring waterbird habitats based on the ecological leverage theory is provided. The method includes: Step 1: Determining a target waterbird habitat to be restored based on the ecological environment of a target wetland area; Step 2: Selecting several suitable basic ecological units that are distributed in a scattered, circular, or S-shaped pattern from the target wetland area; Step 3: Optimizing the environment of the selected basic ecological units according to the target waterbird habitat; Step 4: Conducting long-term monitoring of the ecological environment and waterbird population of the optimized ecological units, assessing the restoration of the waterbird habitat, and further optimizing the ecological units based on the assessment results. The method of the present invention achieves an enhancement in waterbird diversity within a region with the minimum ecological space and waterbird habitat restoration efforts.