A method for operating a battery having at least two battery cells includes a symmetrization process, in which states of charge of the battery cells are symmetrized continuously or repeatedly; a first measurement process that runs across a first predefined duration during symmetrization and in which measurements are performed repeatedly. In each of the measurements, the battery cell that has the lowest quiescent voltage out of the battery cells in the measurement is determined. It is determined whether the same battery cell was always determined as the battery cell having the lowest quiescent voltage during the first measurement process; and when this is the case a checking process is performed in which symmetrization is interrupted or terminated and it is checked whether the battery cell for which the lowest quiescent voltage was always determined during the first preceding measurement process exhibits increased charge loss that indicates a possible defect.

A method for operating a battery having at least two battery cells includes a symmetrization process, in which states of charge of the battery cells are symmetrized continuously or repeatedly; a first measurement process that runs across a first predefined duration during symmetrization and in which measurements are performed repeatedly. In each of the measurements, the battery cell that has the lowest quiescent voltage out of the battery cells in the measurement is determined. It is determined whether the same battery cell was always determined as the battery cell having the lowest quiescent voltage during the first measurement process; and when this is the case a checking process is performed in which symmetrization is interrupted or terminated and it is checked whether the battery cell for which the lowest quiescent voltage was always determined during the first preceding measurement process exhibits increased charge loss that indicates a possible defect.

The invention relates to an energy storage comprising a plurality of series connectable energy modules connected to a string via a plurality of switches. Wherein a string controller controls which of the energy modules that are part of a current path through the string by control of the status of the switches. An energy storage monitoring system is monitoring an energy storage element operating parameter of an energy module, the energy storage monitoring system comprises: a current sensor and a plurality of energy module print. The plurality of energy module prints establishes an energy module operating parameter of the associated energy module. The current sensor establishes the current in the current path. The string controller is configured for by-passing an energy module based on information of status of the switches, the measured current in the current path and the battery operating parameter measured at the energy modules.

A system and method for charging a battery electric vehicle having a tractor and a trailer. The system may include a regenerative braking system configured to generate energy during deceleration of the battery electric vehicle, a tractor side battery pack, a trailer side battery pack, an inductive charging device configured to transfer energy between the tractor side battery pack and the trailer side battery pack, and a battery management system. The battery management system is configured to control a flow of energy between the regenerative braking system, the tractor side battery pack, and the trailer side battery pack based on a state of charge of the tractor side battery pack, a state of charge of the trailer side battery pack, or both the state of charge of the tractor side battery pack and the state of charge of the trailer side battery pack.

A system and method for charging a battery electric vehicle having a tractor and a trailer. The system may include a regenerative braking system configured to generate energy during deceleration of the battery electric vehicle, a tractor side battery pack, a trailer side battery pack, an inductive charging device configured to transfer energy between the tractor side battery pack and the trailer side battery pack, and a battery management system. The battery management system is configured to control a flow of energy between the regenerative braking system, the tractor side battery pack, and the trailer side battery pack based on a state of charge of the tractor side battery pack, a state of charge of the trailer side battery pack, or both the state of charge of the tractor side battery pack and the state of charge of the trailer side battery pack.

A battery system includes at least one battery including a plurality of cells and a hybrid control module configured to monitor a differential capacity of the at least one battery, determine when the monitored differential capacity of the at least one battery corresponds to a predetermined differential capacity of the at least one battery, and determine a state of charge of the battery in response to the determination that the monitored differential capacity corresponds to the predetermined differential capacity.

A battery system includes at least one battery including a plurality of cells and a hybrid control module configured to monitor a differential capacity of the at least one battery, determine when the monitored differential capacity of the at least one battery corresponds to a predetermined differential capacity of the at least one battery, and determine a state of charge of the battery in response to the determination that the monitored differential capacity corresponds to the predetermined differential capacity.

Techniques are presented for scheduling the charging of electric vehicles (EVs) that protect the resources of local low voltage distribution networks. From utilities, data on local low voltage distribution networks, such as the rating of a distribution transformer through which a group of EVs are supplied, is provided to a load manager application. Telematics information on vehicle usage is provided from the EVs, such as by way of the original equipment manufacturer. From these data, the load manager application determines schedules for charging the group of EVs through a shared low voltage distribution network so that the capabilities of the local low voltage distribution network are not exceeded while meeting the needs of the EV user. Charging schedules are then transmitted to the on-board control systems of the EVs for implementation.

Management device manages a plurality of power storage modules connected in parallel to load via switches. With some of switches connected to some of the plurality of power storage modules being in an on state and other switches connected to other power storage modules being in an off state, determination unit of management device does not permit at least one of other switches in the off state to be turned on in a case where at least one switch is turned on and an upper limit value of a current or power allowed to be supplied to load entirely from the plurality of power storage modules with at least one switch being turned on becomes less than or equal to a value before the turning-on of at least one switch.

Management device manages a plurality of power storage modules connected in parallel to load via switches. With some of switches connected to some of the plurality of power storage modules being in an on state and other switches connected to other power storage modules being in an off state, determination unit of management device does not permit at least one of other switches in the off state to be turned on in a case where at least one switch is turned on and an upper limit value of a current or power allowed to be supplied to load entirely from the plurality of power storage modules with at least one switch being turned on becomes less than or equal to a value before the turning-on of at least one switch.