A high efficiency hydrogen fuel system for an aircraft at high altitude which utilizes compressors to compress air to a sufficiently high pressure for the fuel cell. Liquid hydrogen is compressed and then utilized in heat exchangers to cool the compressed air, maintaining the air at a temperature low enough for the fuel cell. The hydrogen is also used to cool the fuel cell as it is also depressurized prior to its entry in the fuel cell cycle. A water condensation system allows for water removal from the airstream to reduce impacts to the atmosphere. The hydrogen fuel system may be used with VTOL aircraft, which may allow them to fly at higher elevations. The hydrogen fuel system may be used with other subsonic and supersonic aircraft, such as with asymmetric wing aircraft.

A high efficiency hydrogen fuel system for an aircraft at high altitude which utilizes compressors to compress air to a sufficiently high pressure for the fuel cell. Liquid hydrogen is compressed and then utilized in heat exchangers to cool the compressed air, maintaining the air at a temperature low enough for the fuel cell. The hydrogen is also used to cool the fuel cell as it is also depressurized prior to its entry in the fuel cell cycle. A water condensation system allows for water removal from the airstream to reduce impacts to the atmosphere. The hydrogen fuel system may be used with VTOL aircraft, which may allow them to fly at higher elevations. The hydrogen fuel system may be used with other subsonic and supersonic aircraft, such as with asymmetric wing aircraft.

A power supply apparatus for a vehicle includes a fuel cell, an air conditioner condenser, an electrical system radiator, a fuel cell radiator, and a compressor. The air conditioner condenser is disposed in a first circuit of a refrigerant used for air conditioning of a passenger compartment of the vehicle. The electrical system radiator is disposed in a second circuit of a refrigerant used for cooling of in-vehicle electric devices other than the fuel cell. The fuel cell radiator is disposed in a third circuit of a refrigerant used for cooling of the fuel cell. The compressor is disposed in an air passage coupled to the fuel cell and introduces air to the fuel cell through the air passage. One or both of the air conditioner condenser and the electrical system radiator are disposed upstream of the compressor in the air passage.

A fuel cell vehicle comprises a fuel cell, a power storage device, a drive motor, a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of the fuel cell, a detector configured to detect an operation condition of the fuel cell, and a controller. At a start time of the fuel cell, in a case where the temperature of the fuel cell detected by the temperature sensor is below a freezing point, when an output condition of the fuel cell shown by the detected operation condition of the fuel cell continuously corresponds to a predetermined low output condition for a predetermined reference time period or longer, the controller sets a driving state of the fuel cell vehicle to a first driving state that stops power generation of the fuel cell, drives the drive motor by using only the power storage device as a power source and limits a motor output of the drive motor to be equal to or lower than a predetermined first upper limit output.

A fuel cell vehicle comprises a fuel cell, a power storage device, a drive motor, a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of the fuel cell, a detector configured to detect an operation condition of the fuel cell, and a controller. At a start time of the fuel cell, in a case where the temperature of the fuel cell detected by the temperature sensor is below a freezing point, when an output condition of the fuel cell shown by the detected operation condition of the fuel cell continuously corresponds to a predetermined low output condition for a predetermined reference time period or longer, the controller sets a driving state of the fuel cell vehicle to a first driving state that stops power generation of the fuel cell, drives the drive motor by using only the power storage device as a power source and limits a motor output of the drive motor to be equal to or lower than a predetermined first upper limit output.

A fuel cell system for air vehicles, wherein the fuel cell system comprises: a fuel cell, a fuel gas system for supplying fuel gas to the fuel cell, a potential sensor, and a controller; wherein the fuel gas system comprises a fuel gas supplier; wherein the controller determines whether or not a potential of the fuel cell measured by the potential sensor, is a reversal potential; and wherein, when the controller determines that the potential of the fuel cell is a reversal potential, the controller increases a fuel gas supply from the fuel gas supplier to the fuel cell.

An ion exchanger includes a housing and an ion exchange resin filling the housing. The ion exchanger is configured to remove ions in a coolant through ion exchange when the coolant that has flowed into the housing passes through the ion exchange resin. The ion exchanger is also configured to discharge, from the housing, the coolant from which the ions have been removed. The ion exchange resin comprises a cation exchange resin, a strongly basic anion exchange resin, and a weakly basic anion exchange resin.

An ion exchanger includes a housing and an ion exchange resin filling the housing. The ion exchanger is configured to remove ions in a coolant through ion exchange when the coolant that has flowed into the housing passes through the ion exchange resin. The ion exchanger is also configured to discharge, from the housing, the coolant from which the ions have been removed. The ion exchange resin comprises a cation exchange resin, a strongly basic anion exchange resin, and a weakly basic anion exchange resin.

Disclosed herein is an electric power and thermal management system in which, when a shaft is rotated due to an operation of a power part, generation of electric power and a circulation of a fluid are performed together so that the generation of the electric power and a circulation structure of oil are integrated, and thus a layout can be reduced, and a structure can be simplified. In addition, in a state in which the generation of the electric power and the circulation structure of the oil are integrated, a circulation amount of the oil is adjusted according to an angle of an inclined plate constituting a pumping mechanism so that an oversupply of the oil to parts through which the oil is circulated can be prevented.

Disclosed herein is an electric power and thermal management system in which, when a shaft is rotated due to an operation of a power part, generation of electric power and a circulation of a fluid are performed together so that the generation of the electric power and a circulation structure of oil are integrated, and thus a layout can be reduced, and a structure can be simplified. In addition, in a state in which the generation of the electric power and the circulation structure of the oil are integrated, a circulation amount of the oil is adjusted according to an angle of an inclined plate constituting a pumping mechanism so that an oversupply of the oil to parts through which the oil is circulated can be prevented.