A wireless communication system includes an in-vehicle device mounted on a vehicle; and a portable device that can be carried by a user. The in-vehicle device includes a first sending unit configured to intermittently and wirelessly send an identification code of the vehicle or the in-vehicle device; and a detection unit configured to detect a presence of the portable device by receiving a response signal wirelessly sent from the portable device. The portable device includes a receiving antenna configured to receive the identification code; a first verification unit configured to verify the identification code, received by the receiving antenna, with a code registered in the portable device; and a sending control unit configured to wirelessly send the response signal if the verification by the first verification unit is successful and not to send the response signal if the verification by the first verification unit is not successful.

Data to initiate movement of a vehicle is received from a first user. The first user is identified. A determination is made whether to initiate the movement of the vehicle based at least in part on the data and the one or more characteristics of the first user. The movement of the vehicle is initiated.

A vehicle access and control system includes an activation system, a vehicle control system, a communication system provided in the vehicle, a computer system mounted in the vehicle, and a vehicle access control system including a processor, a non-volatile memory, and a set of instructions stored on the non-volatile memory. The set of instructions, when executed by the processor, causing the processor to receive a user specific identification input, access a user profile associated with the user specific identification input, determine, from the user profile, system permissions associated with the user specific identification input, and manage access to one or more of the activation system, vehicle control system, communication system, and the computer system based on the system permissions.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for operating an inductor coil may include: charging a capacitor by means of a charging current at a reference voltage; and discharging the charged capacitor in an oscillating manner via the inductor coil. The discharging is ended when a current passing through the inductor coil has passed through an entire oscillation period or a multiple thereof.

An apparatus in a wireless vehicle-access system, that includes a vehicle and a fob, includes: a vehicle-authorization parameter module configured to obtain a value of a vehicle-authorization parameter wherein the vehicle-authorization parameter comprises at least one of movement of the fob, a received directional signal, or a received audible signal; and a vehicle function compatibility module configured to: determine whether the value of the vehicle-authorization parameter is consistent or inconsistent with a desired function of the vehicle; inhibit the desired function of the vehicle in response to the value of the vehicle-authorization parameter being determined to be inconsistent with the desired function of the vehicle; and permit the desired function of the vehicle in response to the value of the vehicle-authorization parameter being determined to be consistent with the desired function of the vehicle.

A vehicle-internal security device is configured to perform a method, for example, by executing a computer program, in which method, when access takes place to a vehicle component or a to plurality of vehicle components from outside the vehicle, the vehicle-internal security device restricts or interrupts the access if a corresponding request was received by the vehicle via a communications network.

An electronic key includes a housing including a battery housing portion that houses a battery, the battery housing portion being provided in the housing, a battery terminal, arranged within the battery housing portion, that makes contact with one electrode of the battery housed within the battery housing portion, and a board, arranged within the battery housing portion, including a first conductive portion that makes contact with the battery terminal and is electrically connected to the one electrode of the battery via the battery terminal, and a second conductive portion that makes contact with and is electrically connected to another electrode of the battery.

A symmetric key-based generation and distribution system and method for a vehicle access authentication framework is provided, the framework comprising: a first device operated by a car owner, a second device operated by a delegated user, and a third device residing in a vehicle. The first device is configured to: request for an authentication key from the third device, the request for the authentication key comprising an ID of the first device, id.sub.O; receive an authentication key K.sub.id.sub.O from the third device; and generate a delegated authentication key K.sub.id.sub.U based on authentication key K.sub.id.sub.O and an ID of the second device in response to receiving a request for delegated authentication key from the second device, the request for delegated authentication key comprising the ID of the second device.

A system for operating an automobile comprising a transponder having a user interface to receive commands from a user and operating as a virtual assistant, wherein the commands comprise commands for operation of a door of the automobile and a microprocessor in the automobile responsive to the transponder. The system for operating an automobile further comprising a detector subsystem configured to determine a potential strike of an object based on a determined distance to the object, wherein the microprocessor receives a communication from the transponder and wherein the automobile is configured to send a command to a door of the automobile in response to the communication. Further, the system in the automobile is configured to avoid the potential strike determined by the detector system by limiting the operation of the door and producing an alert to a user as to the potential strike.

Controlled access to a vehicle is provided. Whether time of flight (ToF) between an access device and a controller of the vehicle indicates a relay attack is identified. Whether a radio frequency (RF) fingerprint of the access device indicates a relay attack is identified. Responsive to the RF fingerprint but not the ToF indicating a relay attack, the ToF determination is retried. Passive access is allowed to the vehicle responsive to the retried ToF again indicating no relay attack.