An unauthorized communication establishment prevention system includes a measurement unit arranged in at least one of a terminal and a communication peer. The measurement unit implements an unauthorized communication detection function and obtains a measurement value corresponding to a distance between the terminal and the communication peer. The system further includes a process execution unit that controls initiation, based on a determination result of whether the measurement value is appropriate, of an authentication performed through wireless communication established between the terminal and the communication peer even when the terminal is not operated. The system further includes a monitoring unit that monitors a battery level of the terminal and a suspension unit that suspends the unauthorized communication detection function when the battery level of the terminal is less than a specified amount that is not a battery depletion level.

A method for a secure Passive Entry Passive Start (PEPS) authentication protocol measures the walking gait of a user approaching a related vehicle using a passive key device carried by the user. The method also includes measuring the user's gait from the perspective of the vehicle using a vehicle perception system to compare the two and validate the security of an unlock request, authenticate the unlocking session, and protect against relay attacks. The two-factor authentication protocol validates the physical presence and temporal state of the key fob or mobile phone relative to the vehicle using detected key gait measurement (key G-gait) and a vehicle perception-based gait (C-gait) measurement by comparing the independent gaits and generating control commands responsive to consistent and inconsistent measurements.

A vehicular exterior door handle assembly includes a base portion configured to mount at an exterior door handle region of a vehicular door of a vehicle, a handle portion, and a sensing module that includes at least one light emitter and at least one light sensor. With the base portion of the vehicular exterior door handle assembly mounted at the exterior door handle region of the vehicular door, the light emitter, when energized, emits light. With the base portion mounted at the exterior door handle region of the vehicular door, and with the light emitter energized, the light sensor senses light emitted by the light emitter. Responsive to light sensed by the light sensor with the light emitter energized being below a threshold level, the sensing module determines a presence of a person's hand at the handle portion.

An authentication system is provided with: a first input unit and a second input unit into which authentication information can be input; a first computing unit which performs computation on the basis of the authentication information input into the first input unit and a communication counterpart-side authentication parameter registered in a communication counterpart; a second computing unit which performs computation on the basis of the authentication information input into the second input unit and a portable terminal-side authentication parameter registered in a portable terminal; and authentication units which, if the authentication information has been input into the first or the second input unit, perform authentication on the basis of the result of computation by corresponding computing unit and the portable terminal-side authentication parameter.

A distance measurement apparatus of an embodiment includes a first device provided in a vehicle and a second device provided in a key-fob, and calculates a distance between the vehicle and the key-fob based on carrier phase detection. In at least one of the first device and the second device, transmission powers at which a plurality of first distance measurement signals are respectively transmitted when the key-fob is inside the vehicle are set to be lower than transmission powers at which a plurality of first distance measurement signals are respectively transmitted when the key-fob is outside the vehicle.

A vehicle configured to cancel restriction of at least one function, which includes restriction of a function enabling an actuation of a power unit of the vehicle, by unlock of a first key, the vehicle performing: receiving a registration request of a second key that is an electronic key from a communication terminal by short distance wireless communication, determining, on condition that the vehicle is unlocked by the first key, whether to accept the received registration request, and authenticating the second key concerning the registration request in a case where it is determined to accept the registration request and registering the authenticated second key.

A vehicular exterior door handle assembly includes a handle portion disposed at an exterior side of a door of a vehicle, and a printed circuit board (PCB) disposed at the handle portion. The PCB includes a near-field communication (NFC) reader that includes a microcontroller and an antenna. The antenna emits a magnetic field. The NFC reader detects disturbances in the emitted magnetic field. The NFC reader, responsive to detecting a disturbance in the emitted magnetic field from an NFC tag, adjusts operation of the NFC reader from a power-saving state of operation to an active state of operation. The NFC reader, when operating in the active state, wirelessly communicates an authentication signal to the NFC tag. The NFC reader, responsive to receiving a valid authentication response from the NFC tag, unlocks a door of the vehicle.

A vehicle control device includes: an unregistered-user-face-image acquiring unit that acquires an unregistered-user-face-image when an unregistered-user-getting-on recognizing unit recognizes that an unregistered user gets on the vehicle, the unregistered-user-face-image being a face image of the unregistered user; and a vehicle entry control unit that sets vehicle to a first entry-enabled-state when a matching degree between a user-candidate-face-image and the unregistered-user-face-image is equal to or higher than a first determination level, after the unregistered-user-getting-on recognizing unit recognizes that the unregistered user gets on the vehicle until a predetermined time elapses, the user-candidate-face-image being acquired by a user-candidate-face-image acquiring unit.

A method for a secure Passive Entry Passive Start (PEPS) authentication protocol measures the walking gait of a user approaching a related vehicle using a passive key device carried by the user. The method also includes measuring the user's gait from the perspective of the vehicle using a vehicle perception system to compare the two and validate the security of an unlock request, authenticate the unlocking session, and protect against relay attacks. The two-factor authentication protocol validates the physical presence and temporal state of the key fob or mobile phone relative to the vehicle using detected key gait measurement (key G-gait) and a vehicle perception-based gait (C-gait) measurement by comparing the independent gaits and generating control commands responsive to consistent and inconsistent measurements.

The present disclosure relates to aspects of authenticating a mobile device and providing a vehicle access key thereto when a previously registered mobile device is not accessible. In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method includes requesting at a first mobile device, access to a profile associated with controlling operations of a vehicle, the profile having stored thereon an access key for operating the vehicle, the access key having been previously installed on a second mobile device. The method further includes upon successful authorization, receiving the access key at the first device and operating the vehicle using the access key on the first mobile device.