A parking brake apparatus of a vehicle, includes: a support plate fixed on a vehicle; a ratchet including a gear unit including a plurality of teeth and provided adjacent to the support plate; an operation lever connected to a rotation shaft passing through the ratchet, wherein the rotation shaft is rotatable in operation of the operation lever; and a pawl coupled to the operation lever, and including an edge portion elastically in contact with the teeth, wherein the operation lever is provided with a locking jaw for preventing contact between the pawl and the gear unit, wherein the locking jaw is provided between the gear unit and the pawl.

A method for estimating a braking force applicable between pad and brake disc by an electric parking-braking system of a vehicle is described. The method may include detecting, by one or more sensors of electric quantities of an electric motor, an electric current delivered to the electric motor and an instantaneous value of an electric voltage for electrically supplying the electric motor, during a parking-braking operation. The parking-braking operation may have a first non-contact stage between a first pair of pads of a first brake caliper and a first brake disc. The parking-braking operation may also have a second contact stage between the first pair of pads of the first brake caliper and the first brake disc.

Provided are mechanisms and processes for a brake system for an assistive mobility device. Systems include a frame configured to provide support for a user, a plurality of wheels coupled to the frame and configured to enable motion of the frame, a plurality of brakes coupled to the plurality of wheels and configured to provide resistance to a rotation of the plurality of wheels when engaged. Systems also include a first handle coupled to the frame and configured to be grasped by the user. The first handle includes a first rotatable grip and a first rotational torque generator coupled to the plurality of brakes. Systems also include a second handle coupled to the frame and configured to be grasped by the user. The second handle includes a second rotatable grip a second rotational torque generator coupled to the plurality of brakes.

Provided are mechanisms and processes for a brake system for an assistive mobility device. Systems include a frame configured to provide support for a user, a plurality of wheels coupled to the frame and configured to enable motion of the frame, a plurality of brakes coupled to the plurality of wheels and configured to provide resistance to a rotation of the plurality of wheels when engaged. Systems also include a first handle coupled to the frame and configured to be grasped by the user. The first handle includes a first rotatable grip and a first rotational torque generator coupled to the plurality of brakes. Systems also include a second handle coupled to the frame and configured to be grasped by the user. The second handle includes a second rotatable grip a second rotational torque generator coupled to the plurality of brakes.

A driving assistance apparatus that includes a brake operation portion that applies a brake to a vehicle, the brake operation portion allowing a manual brake operation by a hand of a driver of the vehicle, the brake operation portion including a brake operation body and a grip portion to be gripped by the hand of the driver, the grip portion being provided at an upper end of the brake operation body, and a shift-down switch that shifts-down the vehicle is provided on the grip portion, the shift-down switch allowing a manual shift-down operation by the hand of the driver.

A handbrake structure includes a fixing base, a linking member and a brake handle. The fixing base is located on a handle of a moving apparatus. The linking member is located on the fixing base, wherein a first portion of the linking member is connected to a first brake wire, and a second portion of the linking member has a first limit part. The brake handle is located on the linking member, wherein a first portion of the brake handle is connected to a second brake wire. When the brake handle is rotated in a first direction, the brake handle pushes the first limit part to rotate the linking member, and the linking member pulls the first brake wire. When the brake handle is rotated in a second direction different from the first direction, the brake handle pulls the second brake wire.

A riding lawn mower includes a chassis having longitudinal support beam, a drive wheel, an electric motor coupled to the drive wheel, a suspended subframe having a longitudinal subframe beam pivotally coupled to the longitudinal support beam about a pivot axis, and a suspension device coupled between the longitudinal subframe beam and the longitudinal support beam. The longitudinal subframe beam at least partially supports the electric motor. The drive wheel and the electric motor are configured to translate relative to the chassis via the pivotal coupling between the longitudinal support beam and the longitudinal subframe beam.

A riding lawn mower includes a chassis having longitudinal support beam, a drive wheel, an electric motor coupled to the drive wheel, a suspended subframe having a longitudinal subframe beam pivotally coupled to the longitudinal support beam about a pivot axis, and a suspension device coupled between the longitudinal subframe beam and the longitudinal support beam. The longitudinal subframe beam at least partially supports the electric motor. The drive wheel and the electric motor are configured to translate relative to the chassis via the pivotal coupling between the longitudinal support beam and the longitudinal subframe beam.

A disclosed vehicle control system provides control over complex vehicle functions including transmission shifting to enable differently abled drivers to operate a motor vehicle.

A disclosed vehicle control system provides control over complex vehicle functions including transmission shifting to enable differently abled drivers to operate a motor vehicle.