A tire force estimation system includes a sensor, a sensor information acquisition unit, and a tire force calculator. The sensor measures a physical quantity of a tire. The sensor information acquisition unit acquires the physical quantity measured by the sensor. The tire force calculator includes an arithmetic model for calculating tire force F based on the physical quantity, and calculates the tire force F by inputting the physical quantity acquired by the sensor information acquisition unit into the arithmetic model.

A tire force estimation system includes a sensor, a sensor information acquisition unit, and a tire force calculator. The sensor measures a physical quantity of a tire. The sensor information acquisition unit acquires the physical quantity measured by the sensor. The tire force calculator includes an arithmetic model for calculating tire force F based on the physical quantity, and calculates the tire force F by inputting the physical quantity acquired by the sensor information acquisition unit into the arithmetic model.

Systems and methods are disclosed herein for controlling aircraft brakes. A brake control system may comprise a controller, and a tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with the controller. The tangible, non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the controller, cause the controller to perform operations comprising: determining a braking power discrepancy of a wheel (e.sub.P,i), comparing the braking power discrepancy of the wheel (e.sub.P,i) to a threshold discrepancy value, and modulating a braking pressure applied to the wheel based on the comparison of the braking power discrepancy of the wheel (e.sub.P,i) to the threshold discrepancy value.

A brake fluid pressure control device for a includes a wheel speed acquisition device that acquires a wheel speed, a slippage amount calculation device that calculates a wheel slippage amount, and a bad road determination device that determines whether a road surface of travel is a bad road. The bad road determination device determines whether the road surface of travel is a bad road using a bad road determination threshold value, and a value that relates to wheel behavior that is calculated based at least upon the wheel speed. The bad road determination threshold value is modified according to the wheel slippage amount. The present invention can appropriately set a bad road determination threshold value that is in accordance with a slippage amount, which corresponds to braking power, and can improve bad road determination precision without depending on variation in change of wheel speed.

A brake fluid pressure control device for a includes a wheel speed acquisition device that acquires a wheel speed, a slippage amount calculation device that calculates a wheel slippage amount, and a bad road determination device that determines whether a road surface of travel is a bad road. The bad road determination device determines whether the road surface of travel is a bad road using a bad road determination threshold value, and a value that relates to wheel behavior that is calculated based at least upon the wheel speed. The bad road determination threshold value is modified according to the wheel slippage amount. The present invention can appropriately set a bad road determination threshold value that is in accordance with a slippage amount, which corresponds to braking power, and can improve bad road determination precision without depending on variation in change of wheel speed.

The vehicle control apparatus and the control method thereof include an electronic control unit configured to receive wheel slip values sensed by a sensing apparatus, receive the wheel slip values and calculate a predicted wheel slip value using slip prediction model information on the basis of a previous wheel slip value and a current wheel slip value among the wheel slip values. Whether a current state is a first state of which a vehicle moved from a high friction road to a low friction road on the basis of the calculated predicted wheel slip value is then determined. The calculated predicted wheel slip value is compared with predicted target slip value ranges when the current state is determined as being the first state. Whether to control an electric parking brake (EPB) apparatus is determined. A controller configured to transmit a command based on the determination by the ECU.

The vehicle control apparatus and the control method thereof include an electronic control unit configured to receive wheel slip values sensed by a sensing apparatus, receive the wheel slip values and calculate a predicted wheel slip value using slip prediction model information on the basis of a previous wheel slip value and a current wheel slip value among the wheel slip values. Whether a current state is a first state of which a vehicle moved from a high friction road to a low friction road on the basis of the calculated predicted wheel slip value is then determined. The calculated predicted wheel slip value is compared with predicted target slip value ranges when the current state is determined as being the first state. Whether to control an electric parking brake (EPB) apparatus is determined. A controller configured to transmit a command based on the determination by the ECU.

A method for controlling a hydraulic brake system for a motor vehicle to carry out a braking operation by means of at least one wheel brake includes, in a first step, a pressure buildup in the wheel brake, wherein hydraulic fluid is passed to a wheel brake via a normally open inlet valve. In a second step, a pressure reduction takes place in the wheel brake, wherein hydraulic fluid is discharged from the wheel brake via an energized normally closed outlet valve. The pressure reduction at the wheel brake is accomplished by means of control of the outlet valve in a predefined manner.

A saddle-type vehicle having at least one seat and at least two wheels, at least one electric motor, a motor controller, a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) such as a battery and battery management system, at least one friction foundation or ABS braking system as a first braking system and at least one electric regenerative braking system as a second system where the two braking systems are linked to allow for simultaneously providing conventional and regenerative braking independently to the front and rear wheels of the vehicle.

A saddle-type vehicle having at least one seat and at least two wheels, at least one electric motor, a motor controller, a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) such as a battery and battery management system, at least one friction foundation or ABS braking system as a first braking system and at least one electric regenerative braking system as a second system where the two braking systems are linked to allow for simultaneously providing conventional and regenerative braking independently to the front and rear wheels of the vehicle.