A vehicle braking system includes an assistance device having a vacuum pump driven by an engine for communicating vacuum to a chamber of the assistance device. A control valve is interposed along a fluid line between the pump and the chamber. The control valve is in its first operative condition, where the inlet side of the vacuum pump communicates with the chamber, when pressure within the chamber is above a predetermined value; and is in its second operative condition, where the inlet side of the vacuum pump communicates with the atmosphere, when pressure within the chamber is below a predetermined value. In this second condition the pump intakes air from and feeds air into the atmosphere, thereby reducing the energy consumption by the engine required for driving the pump during stages where, within the chamber, there is a vacuum sufficient for the regular operation of the braking system.

A braking control system and method to synchronize the operation of the braking system of a towed vehicle with the braking system of a towing vehicle to match the deceleration and acceleration of the towed vehicle with the deceleration and acceleration of the towing vehicle wherein the braking control system includes a braking device comprising an electrically driven linear actuator coupled between an electric motor and the brake pedal of the towed vehicle and a control device coupled to the electric motor and including logic to control operation of the electrically driven linear actuator to selectively extend and retract the electrically driven linear actuator to selectively depress and release the brake pedal of the towed vehicle as the towing vehicle decelerates and accelerates.

A braking control system and method to synchronize the operation of the braking system of a towed vehicle with the braking system of a towing vehicle to match the deceleration and acceleration of the towed vehicle with the deceleration and acceleration of the towing vehicle wherein the braking control system includes a braking device comprising an electrically driven linear actuator coupled between an electric motor and the brake pedal of the towed vehicle and a control device coupled to the electric motor and including logic to control operation of the electrically driven linear actuator to selectively extend and retract the electrically driven linear actuator to selectively depress and release the brake pedal of the towed vehicle as the towing vehicle decelerates and accelerates.

R90 is a system that does not allow gear vehicles to go back without the driver's discretion. R90 also takes the brake pedal when the deviation is more than ninety degrees, while vehicle is out of the driver's control and the vehicle bottom moves forward from its head.

R90 is a system that does not allow gear vehicles to go back without the driver's discretion. R90 also takes the brake pedal when the deviation is more than ninety degrees, while vehicle is out of the driver's control and the vehicle bottom moves forward from its head.

A method and apparatus, for treating plaque and calculus in the mouth cavity—particularly on teeth—are disclosed. The apparatus—and accordingly the method—is comprised of introducing at least one first-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing anions precipitation; and introducing at least one second-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing cations precipitation.

A method and apparatus, for treating plaque and calculus in the mouth cavity—particularly on teeth—are disclosed. The apparatus—and accordingly the method—is comprised of introducing at least one first-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing anions precipitation; and introducing at least one second-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing cations precipitation.

Methods and systems are provided for controlling an aspirator shut-off valve in an engine of a hybrid vehicle. One example method includes opening the aspirator shut-off valve following a shut-down command to the engine when engine speed is between a first engine speed and a second engine speed, the first engine speed being lower than an idle speed and the second engine speed occurring before an imminent engine stop. The example method further includes not opening the aspirator shut-off valve between the first engine speed and the second engine speed if an oxygen content of an emission control device is at or near a threshold.

Methods and systems are provided for controlling an aspirator shut-off valve in an engine of a hybrid vehicle. One example method includes opening the aspirator shut-off valve following a shut-down command to the engine when engine speed is between a first engine speed and a second engine speed, the first engine speed being lower than an idle speed and the second engine speed occurring before an imminent engine stop. The example method further includes not opening the aspirator shut-off valve between the first engine speed and the second engine speed if an oxygen content of an emission control device is at or near a threshold.

A method of controlling vacuum pressure for vehicle braking may include checking whether a vehicle is idle or enters a deceleration state, comparing an engine vacuum pressure and a booster vacuum pressure of the vehicle with a preset reference value, checking whether a valve control system of the vehicle is operable when the engine vacuum pressure and the booster vacuum pressure are lower less than the preset reference value, controlling the valve control system when the valve control system is operable; and controlling an air conditioner (A/C) or an alternator of the vehicle when the valve control system is inoperable.