A method of securing brake booster negative pressure is provided. The method includes operating a purge pump that is connected to a canister having evaporation gas absorbed thereon and a brake booster and determining whether the evaporation gas is injected into an intake pipe by the operation of the purge pump. Whether a negative pressure of the brake booster is insufficient is determined and when the evaporation gas is being injected into the intake pipe and the negative pressure is insufficient, a degree of opening of a valve provided in a line connecting the canister and the purge pump is adjusted.

A vehicle braking system includes an assistance device, having a vacuum pump driven by an engine for communicating vacuum to a chamber of the assistance device. A control valve is interposed along a fluid line between the pump and the chamber. The control valve is in its first operative condition, where the inlet side of the vacuum pump communicates with the chamber, when the pressure within the chamber is above a predetermined value; and is in its second operative condition, where the inlet side of the vacuum pump communicates with the atmosphere, when pressure within the chamber is below a predetermined value. In this second condition the pump intakes air from and feeds air into the atmosphere, thereby reducing the energy consumption by the engine required for driving the pump during stages where, within the chamber there is a vacuum sufficient for the regular operation of the braking system.

A vehicle braking system includes an assistance device, having a vacuum pump driven by an engine for communicating vacuum to a chamber of the assistance device. A control valve is interposed along a fluid line between the pump and the chamber. The control valve is in its first operative condition, where the inlet side of the vacuum pump communicates with the chamber, when the pressure within the chamber is above a predetermined value; and is in its second operative condition, where the inlet side of the vacuum pump communicates with the atmosphere, when pressure within the chamber is below a predetermined value. In this second condition the pump intakes air from and feeds air into the atmosphere, thereby reducing the energy consumption by the engine required for driving the pump during stages where, within the chamber there is a vacuum sufficient for the regular operation of the braking system.

A method and apparatus, for treating plaque and calculus in the mouth cavityparticularly on teethare disclosed. The apparatusand accordingly the methodis comprised of introducing at least one first-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing anions precipitation; and introducing at least one second-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing cations precipitation.

Systems and methods for operating a vehicle that includes an engine that may be automatically stopped and started are described. In one example, an engine may be automatically stopped in response to a brake booster vacuum threshold level that is adjusted responsive to vehicle speed so that opportunities to automatically stop an engine may be increased, thereby conserving fuel.

Systems and methods for operating a vehicle that includes an engine that may be automatically stopped and started are described. In one example, an engine may be automatically stopped in response to a brake booster vacuum threshold level that is adjusted responsive to vehicle speed so that opportunities to automatically stop an engine may be increased, thereby conserving fuel.

A method and apparatus, for treating plaque and calculus in the mouth cavityparticularly on teethare disclosed. The apparatusand accordingly the methodis comprised of introducing at least one first-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing anions precipitation; and introducing at least one second-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing cations precipitation.

A method of controlling vacuum pressure for vehicle braking may include checking whether a vehicle is idle or enters a deceleration state, comparing an engine vacuum pressure and a booster vacuum pressure of the vehicle with a preset reference value, checking whether a valve control system of the vehicle is operable when the engine vacuum pressure and the booster vacuum pressure are lower less than the preset reference value, controlling the valve control system when the valve control system is operable; and controlling an air conditioner (A/C) or an alternator of the vehicle when the valve control system is inoperable.

A method of controlling vacuum pressure for vehicle braking may include checking whether a vehicle is idle or enters a deceleration state, comparing an engine vacuum pressure and a booster vacuum pressure of the vehicle with a preset reference value, checking whether a valve control system of the vehicle is operable when the engine vacuum pressure and the booster vacuum pressure are lower less than the preset reference value, controlling the valve control system when the valve control system is operable; and controlling an air conditioner (A/C) or an alternator of the vehicle when the valve control system is inoperable.

Systems and methods for a braking a vehicle. In one example, the braking system includes a friction braking system, a regenerative braking system, and an electronic processor. The electronic processor is communicatively coupled to the friction braking system and the regenerative braking system. The electronic processor is configured to receive a driver brake request and determine a brake failure state. The brake failure state indicates a brake failure. In response to determining the brake failure state, the electronic processor applies a braking force based on the driver brake request. The braking force includes a frictional braking force generated by the friction braking system and a regenerative braking force generated by the regenerative braking system.