A method for automatically setting an operating mode of a hybrid vehicle includes determining whether a distance to the destination is greater than a purely electrically travellable range of the hybrid vehicle, wherein the hybrid vehicle is automatically put into a hybrid mode if the distance to the destination is greater than the purely electrically travellable range of the hybrid vehicle, and the hybrid vehicle is automatically put into a purely electrical drive mode if the distance to the destination is not greater than the purely electrically travellable range of the hybrid vehicle. A corresponding control device and hybrid vehicle are also disclosed.

A method for automatically setting an operating mode of a hybrid vehicle includes determining whether a distance to the destination is greater than a purely electrically travellable range of the hybrid vehicle, wherein the hybrid vehicle is automatically put into a hybrid mode if the distance to the destination is greater than the purely electrically travellable range of the hybrid vehicle, and the hybrid vehicle is automatically put into a purely electrical drive mode if the distance to the destination is not greater than the purely electrically travellable range of the hybrid vehicle. A corresponding control device and hybrid vehicle are also disclosed.

An apparatus of purifying exhaust gas of a hybrid vehicle includes an electric supercharger disposed on an air intake line, a post-treatment unit disposed on an exhaust gas line and including an electrically-heated catalyst, an exhaust gas recirculation unit including an exhaust gas recirculation cooler disposed on a recirculation line connecting the post-treatment unit and the intake line and an exhaust gas recirculation valve disposed on the recirculation line, a three-way valve disposed at a position at which the recirculation line diverges into a front end portion and a rear end portion of the intake line, and a controller electrically connected to the three-way valve and configured for controlling the three-way valve connecting the intake line and the recirculation line at the front end portion of the electric supercharger to be selectively opened or closed.

An apparatus of purifying exhaust gas of a hybrid vehicle includes an electric supercharger disposed on an air intake line, a post-treatment unit disposed on an exhaust gas line and including an electrically-heated catalyst, an exhaust gas recirculation unit including an exhaust gas recirculation cooler disposed on a recirculation line connecting the post-treatment unit and the intake line and an exhaust gas recirculation valve disposed on the recirculation line, a three-way valve disposed at a position at which the recirculation line diverges into a front end portion and a rear end portion of the intake line, and a controller electrically connected to the three-way valve and configured for controlling the three-way valve connecting the intake line and the recirculation line at the front end portion of the electric supercharger to be selectively opened or closed.

An engine system includes an internal combustion engine, an electrical power system configured to provide electrical power in the engine system, and an electrified air system powered by the electrical power system to selectively increase a flow of intake air and exhaust gas to the engine. The electrified air system further includes an EGR pump operable to recirculate a portion of exhaust gas output from the engine and an electric turbocharger including a turbine, a compressor driven by the turbine via a shaft coupled therebetween, and an electrical machine coupled to the shaft. The electrical machine is configured to operate in a motoring mode to drive the shaft and cause the compressor to output boosted intake air to the engine and operate in a generating mode to transform rotational power from the shaft into electrical power that is provided back into the electrical power system.

An incentive granting system grants an incentive to CO.sub.2 reduction traveling by a user of the vehicle that directly or indirectly emits CO.sub.2. The incentive granting system includes one or more processors, and is configured to grant a reward point to the user, in the vehicle traveling from a current location to a destination, based on at least one of selection of a traveling route in which a CO.sub.2 emission amount is reduced with respect to a standard traveling route, selection of a traveling mode, and reduction of an actual CO.sub.2 emission amount with respect to a standard CO.sub.2 emission amount.

A method of thickening cosmetics containing a crosslinked water-swellable polymer, or a microgel obtained by pulverizing a hydrophilic compound having gelation ability. The method comprises adding a linear polyacrylic acid or a salt thereof, or a linear poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) or a salt thereof, having a weight-average molecular weight of 500,000 to 8,000,000, which has a thread length of 10 mm or less at room temperature when formed into a 1% by mass solution. The method provides cosmetics having an improved viscoelastic ratio, with a rich and full-bodied feeling upon application.

A fire fighting vehicle includes a front axle, a rear axle, an energy storage system, an engine, a first motor/generator, and a second motor/generator. In a first mode, (a) the engine is off and (b) at least one of the first motor/generator or the second motor/generator uses stored energy in the energy storage system to drive at least one of the front axle or the rear axle. In a second mode, (a) the engine provides a mechanical input the first motor/generator, (b) the first motor/generator uses the mechanical input to generate electricity, (c) the second motor/generator uses the electricity to drive at least one of the front axle or the rear axle. Any electricity generated by either the first motor/generator or second motor/generator in response to the mechanical input from the engine is never provided to the energy storage system to charge the energy storage system.

Described herein are systems and methods for the provision of data particularly for use in generating a blockchain environment for tracking emissions of a hybrid electric vehicle. The systems and methods include reading in position data representing a geographical position of a hybrid electric vehicle, reading in operating data representing an operating state of a drivetrain of the hybrid electric vehicle, forming a data block at least comprising the position data and the operating data, and adding the data block to a blockchain.

Described herein are systems and methods for the provision of data particularly for use in generating a blockchain environment for tracking emissions of a hybrid electric vehicle. The systems and methods include reading in position data representing a geographical position of a hybrid electric vehicle, reading in operating data representing an operating state of a drivetrain of the hybrid electric vehicle, forming a data block at least comprising the position data and the operating data, and adding the data block to a blockchain.