A pulsar ring which is a detection target ring includes an annular base wall having pickup holes and a plurality of ring attachment portions protruding from an outer peripheral edge portion of the base wall and being fixed, together with a disc attachment portion of a brake disc, to a wheel of a vehicle wheel assembly. Regions corresponding to positions between adjacent ring attachment portions in an inner peripheral edge portion of the base wall are bent to form reinforcing ribs.

A wheel structure includes: a wheel; a rotary part disposed inside the wheel and configured to rotate together with the wheel; a fixing part facing the rotary part; a hub bearing disposed at one side of the rotary part and the fixing part; and a resolver facing the hub bearing and configured to detect a position of the hub bearing. The hub bearing includes: a hub body fixedly coupled to the rotary part; and a hub outer race fixedly coupled to the fixing part. The resolver includes: a resolver rotor; and a resolver stator. The resolver rotor is fixedly coupled to the hub body.

A front suspension system is provided for a front-wheel drive vehicle having a drive shaft for driving a front wheel. The front suspension system includes a suspension device configured to be connected to the vehicle, a control arm configured to be connected to the vehicle, and a yoke mount configured to connect the suspension device to the control arm. The yoke mount has first and second legs that receive the drive shaft therebetween when the front suspension system is mounted on the vehicle.

A rear suspension for a vehicle includes a knuckle for supporting a rear wheel of the vehicle, and the knuckle defines an opening. The rear suspension system further includes two suspension devices configured to be connected to the vehicle and an upper portion of the knuckle, such that each suspension device is oriented along an upright axis when the rear suspension system is mounted on the vehicle. In addition, the rear suspension system includes a control arm having a first portion configured to be connected to the vehicle and a second portion configured to extend between the axes of the suspension devices and into the opening of the knuckle when the rear suspension system is mounted on the vehicle.

A wheel speed sensor for a motor vehicle can be supplied with an operating voltage by a control device. The control device has a load resistance with a load resistance value. An operating voltage can be at a voltage input by the control device. An electrical circuit is designed to determine a turn-on or a turn-off voltage value according to the load resistance value. An operation control is designed to transfer the wheel speed sensor into a normal operation using the operating voltage, when the turn-on voltage value is exceeded, and to transfer the wheel speed sensor into an emergency operation using the operating voltage, when a turn-off voltage value is not met. In emergency operation only a low constant signal level is emitted.

A method for producing sensor information depends on a rotational speed, using a rotational speed sensor which is adapted to output rotational speed pulses in predetermined angular positions of a physical sensor field that rotates at the rotational speed. In order to increase resolution, a digital angle signal each is determined between the pulses. A defined number of most significant bits of said angle information is output to determine the rotational speed so that the interval between two pulses is subdivided into a defined number of subintervals. An angle value which can be unambiguously interpreted by means of the sinusoidal signal can be determined from the cosine signal by using two phase shift sinusoidal signals and an arccos function. The device optionally outputs the angle signal below a threshold value and an impulse signal above the threshold value to determine speed.

A wheelie suppressing device comprises a wheelie determiner section which detects a wheelie state; and a wheelie suppressing section which performs a wheelie suppressing control for suppressing an engine output when the wheelie determiner section has detected the wheelie state, wherein the wheelie suppressing control includes a first suppressing control for suppressing the engine output while performing fuel feeding and an ignition operation, and a second suppressing control for suppressing the engine output by performing the fuel feeding or the ignition operation at a reduced rate.

A wheelie determining device comprises a wheelie preceding state determiner section which makes a comparison between a vehicle body speed with respect to a ground surface and a circumferential speed of a front wheel to determine whether or not a vehicle is in a wheelie preceding state; and a wheelie amount determiner section which calculates as a wheelie amount which is a lift-off amount of the front wheel with respect to the ground surface, an angular change amount of the vehicle body in a rotational direction in which the front wheel is away from the ground surface, from a time point when the wheelie preceding state determiner section has determined that the vehicle has been in the wheelie preceding state.

The present disclosure provides a braking method of a vehicle, comprising: a control start determination operation of determining whether traction control system (TCS) control is needed; a required pressure calculation operation of calculating required pressures, which are required for wheel brakes to brake a vehicle, of wheels when it is determined that the TCS control is needed; a control mode determination operation of determining whether the TCS control is performed in a single wheel control mode or multi-wheel control mode; and a hydraulic pressure supply operation of supplying hydraulic pressure to a low-pressure wheel brake through valve control and supplying hydraulic pressure to a high-pressure wheel brake through pressure control in the multi-wheel control mode and supplying hydraulic pressure to any one wheel brake through the valve control in the single wheel control mode in order for the wheel brakes to reach the required pressures.

A method of rationalizing operation of a vehicle wheel speed sensor is provided. The method includes the steps of receiving an output signal from a longitudinal accelerometer, receiving an output signal from a wheel speed sensor, determining whether an acceleration event exists based on the output signal from the longitudinal accelerometer, evaluating the wheel speed sensor output signal during the acceleration event, and determining whether the wheel speed sensor signal exceeds a set threshold value during the acceleration event.