Described herein are steer-by-wire systems and methods of operating these systems in vehicles. A steer-by-wire system comprises a steering wheel assembly, comprising a steering wheel, sensors, and a torque generator. The system comprises a rack assembly, comprising a steering rack, sensors, and a rack actuator. The steering wheel assembly and the rack assembly are communicatively coupled by a steer-by-wire system controller, without having any direct mechanical links between the assemblies. In some examples, the controller instructs the rack assembly to control the steering rack position based on the steering input, such as changes in the steering wheel position. A steering map is used to determine the desired steering rack position based on the current steering wheel position. In some examples, a steering map is selected from a steering map set based on, e.g., the vehicle speed, vehicle direction, driver preference, and the like.

A rack for a steering gear of a motor vehicle may include a toothed portion having a toothing, and a shaft portion. Separate segments comprising at least one in each case bar-shaped toothed segment and one shaft segment are provided, are aligned on a common longitudinal axis, and are connected to one another at a joint. The method may involve providing a raw material piece having a piece length that is a multiple of a segment length, thermally continuously hardening the raw material piece across a multiple of a segment length to produce a hardened semi-finished segment product, cutting to length a hardened segment from the hardened semi-finished segment product, providing a further segment, and joining the hardened segment to a further segment.

Described herein are steer-by-wire systems and methods of operating these systems in vehicles. A steer-by-wire system comprises a steering wheel assembly, comprising a steering wheel, sensors, and a torque generator. The system comprises a rack assembly, comprising a steering rack, sensors, and a rack actuator. The steering wheel assembly and the rack assembly are communicatively coupled by a steer-by-wire system controller, without having any direct mechanical links between the assemblies. In some examples, the controller instructs the rack assembly to control the steering rack position based on the steering input, such as changes in the steering wheel position. A steering map is used to determine the desired steering rack position based on the current steering wheel position. In some examples, a steering map is selected from a steering map set based on, e.g., the vehicle speed, vehicle direction, driver preference, and the like.

With respect to a linear motion shaft in which a rack shaft part and a ball screw shaft part are joined to each other by friction welding, coaxiality of a portion having a rack shaft part and a portion having a ball screw shaft part is improved. In a state where a gripped portion 56 formed on the screw shaft part 29 is gripped by a first gripping tool 57 for centering, and a rack shaft part 28 is gripped by a second gripping tool 58 for centering, end portions in the axial direction of the rack shaft part 28 and the screw shaft part 29 are abutted to each other while the screw shaft part 29 and the rack shaft part 28 are relatively rotated by rotating the first gripping tool 57, so that the rack shaft part 28 and the screw shaft part 29 are joined to each other by friction welding.

A method for manufacturing a linear motion shaft includes: manufacturing a first shaft portion, and connecting the first shaft portion and a second shaft portion by friction welding. A first input section is formed in a material for the first shaft portion to obtain the first shaft portion and then a gripped section for centering is formed on the outer peripheral surface of an axially end portion of the first shaft portion on the side connected to the second shaft portion based on the first input section. The friction welding is performed by abutting the axially end portions of the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion in a state where the gripped section is gripped by a first gripping tool for centering, the first shaft portion is rotated with the first gripping tool, and the second shaft portion remains without rotating.

Described herein are steer-by-wire systems and methods of operating these systems in vehicles. A steer-by-wire system comprises a steering wheel assembly, comprising a steering wheel, sensors, and a torque generator. The system comprises a rack assembly, comprising a steering rack, sensors, and a rack actuator. The steering wheel assembly and the rack assembly are communicatively coupled by a steer-by-wire system controller, without having any direct mechanical links between the assemblies. In some examples, the controller instructs the rack assembly to control the steering rack position based on the steering input, such as changes in the steering wheel position. A steering map is used to determine the desired steering rack position based on the current steering wheel position. In some examples, a steering map is selected from a steering map set based on, e.g., the vehicle speed, vehicle direction, driver preference, and the like.

A rack housing has a concave portion first inclined surface 45 on the inner side surface of an engaging concave portion located on the opening side that is inclined in a direction toward the back side while going outward in the radial direction. The rack bush has a convex portion first inclined surface on the outer side surface of an engaging convex portion that faces the concave portion first inclined surface, and that is inclined in a direction toward the back side while going outward in the radial direction. The convex portion first inclined surface is pressed outward in the radial direction against the concave portion first inclined surface, and the other outer side surface of the engaging convex portion facing the back side is pressed in the axial direction against the other inner side surface of the engaging concave portion facing the opening side.

A hydrostatic drive includes a transmission having a pump and motor disposed on a center section, and a charge pump to provide fluid to a charge gallery. A power take off (PTO) driven by a prime mover includes a clutch assembly, solenoid valve, and PTO drive member driven by a prime mover input. When the solenoid valve is in a first position, fluid flows from the charge gallery to the clutch to connect the input with the PTO drive member, and when the solenoid valve is in a second position, fluid flows from the PTO mechanism to the sump to disengage the PTO drive member from the input. A filter may be disposed on a land on the center section and seated in a filter pocket in the housing. The filter engages with a bottom surface of the filter pocket to maintain a seal against the land.

A vehicle steering device includes a turning shaft movable in a vehicle widthwise direction, a housing that retains therein the turning shaft, a stopper provided at a shaft end of the turning shaft exposed from the housing, and a collision buffer member, which is provided at the housing, and which restricts a movable range of the stopper in the vehicle widthwise direction. The collision buffer member has an elastic region that absorbs an abutment load by a normal steering operation input from the stopper, and a plastic region that absorbs a shock load input from the stopper and greater than the abutment load by the normal steering operation.

A steering system for steering a wheel of a vehicle includes a track rod for deflecting the wheel, a rack which, by axial movement, leads to control of the track rod, and a housing. The rack is at least partially arranged within the housing. The rack has a convex and/or concave cross-sectional portion. The housing-mounted complementary geometry includes a complementary concave and/or convex shaping, as a result of which a form-fitting connection is produced for realizing the twist prevention.