A morphing airfoil system includes an airfoil having a bulkhead structured to form a leading edge of the airfoil. A first spool is rotatably coupled to the bulkhead, and a second spool is rotatably coupled to the bulkhead opposite the first spool. An airfoil skin has a first end secured to the first spool, a second end secured to the second spool, and a portion extending between the first and second spools to form an exterior surface of the airfoil. The airfoil skin is structured to be windable around the first and second spools such that a configuration of the airfoil is controllable by rotating at least one of the first spool and the second spool so as to wind a portion of the airfoil skin around, or unwind a portion of the airfoil skin from, the at least one of the first spool and the second spool.

An aerodynamic structure incorporated in an aircraft control surface provides a spar extending along at least a portion of the control surface in a direction and the spar includes a plurality of bends along the direction of extension along the control surface to provide space to accommodate actuator fittings or other structural or operational requirements.

In one embodiment, a horizontal stabilizer comprises an airfoil structure configured to be mounted to an aircraft at a horizontal orientation. The airfoil structure comprises a leading edge, a trailing edge, a top surface, and a bottom surface. Moreover, the airfoil structure is cambered, wherein a camber of the airfoil structure forms a concave slope on the top surface and a convex slope on the bottom surface.

An aircraft wing section assembly is disclosed having a structural spine, a movement mechanism including a support rod 1 extending through the structural spine, a first lever, for connection to and for moving a first moveable control surface, pivotally mounted to the support rod, a second similar lever for connection to and for moving a second moveable control surface, and a connection mechanism for connecting the first and second levers such that pivotal movement of the first lever causes pivotal movement of the second lever, and an actuation mechanism for actuating pivotal movement of the first lever, such that, in use, when the actuation mechanism actuates pivotal movement of the first lever, the second lever also pivotally moves, thus causing movement of both the first and second moveable control surfaces. Also disclosed is an aircraft wing assembly, an aircraft and a method of operating an aircraft.

An aerodynamic structure incorporated in an aircraft control surface provides a spar extending along at least a portion of the control surface in a direction and the spar includes a plurality of bends along the direction of extension along the control surface to provide space to accommodate actuator fittings or other structural or operational requirements.

A system and method for optimizing winglet airfoil geometries in the presence of interference conditions at cruise Mach speeds. The method includes performing a first analysis on the airfoil at a first Mach speed and a second Mach speed greater than the first Mach speed. The analyses provide resultant values that can include any one or more of a coefficient of lift (CL), a coefficient of drag (CD), and a coefficient of pressure (CP). A desired pressure distribution curve on the airfoil can be specified based on the resultant values. An inverse analysis can then be performed to derive a modified airfoil geometry that corresponds to the desired pressure distribution. The modified airfoil geometry can be incorporated into a blended winglet and analyzed by way of running a CFD++ code to verify improved airfoil performance in a full airplane geometry.

An aerodynamic structure incorporated in an aircraft control surface (10) provides a spar (16) extending along at least a portion of the control surface in a direction and the spar includes a plurality of bends along the direction of extension along the control surface to provide space to accommodate actuator fittings or other structural or operational requirements.

An aircraft wing section assembly is disclosed having a structural spine, a movement mechanism including a support rod 1 extending through the structural spine, a first lever, for connection to and for moving a first moveable control surface, pivotally mounted to the support rod, a second similar lever for connection to and for moving a second moveable control surface, and a connection mechanism for connecting the first and second levers such that pivotal movement of the first lever causes pivotal movement of the second lever, and an actuation mechanism for actuating pivotal movement of the first lever, such that, in use, when the actuation mechanism actuates pivotal movement of the first lever, the second lever also pivotally moves, thus causing movement of both the first and second moveable control surfaces. Also disclosed is an aircraft wing assembly, an aircraft and a method of operating an aircraft.

Aerofoil accessories are provided, configured for selective attachment to a wing element, the wing element having an outer facing aerofoil surface and being based on at least one datum aerofoil section. Each accessory provides a modified geometric profile to a datum profile of the at least one aerofoil section when attached to the wing element. The accessories are each configured for having a substantially fixed geometric profile with respect to the at least one datum aerofoil section at least whenever said wing element is airborne with the respective accessory attached to the wing element. The modified geometric profile is such as to provide said wing element with the accessory attached thereto with a desired change in performance relative to a datum performance provided by the wing element absent the accessory. A kit is also provided for enhancing performance of a wing element in off-design conditions. A method is also provided for enhancing performance of a wing element in adverse conditions.

In one embodiment, a horizontal stabilizer comprises an airfoil structure configured to be mounted to an aircraft at a horizontal orientation. The airfoil structure comprises a leading edge, a trailing edge, a top surface, and a bottom surface. Moreover, the airfoil structure is cambered, wherein a camber of the airfoil structure forms a concave slope on the top surface and a convex slope on the bottom surface.