Provided is a surface structure having freezing-delaying performance and freezing layer-separating performance. The surface structure includes a microstructural layer formed in the form of microscale irregularities and a plurality of nanopores formed in the microstructural layer. A freezing-delaying layer is formed on a surface of the microstructural layer to delay a freezing phenomenon. Also, a hygroscopic material is accommodated in the nanopores, so that when a surface of the freezing-delaying layer starts to freeze, the hygroscopic material is discharged from the nanopores to form a hygroscopic material film, and thus adhesion between the freezing-delaying layer and ice is reduced to allow the ice to be detached from the freezing-delaying layer.

Provided is a surface structure having freezing-delaying performance and freezing layer-separating performance. The surface structure includes a microstructural layer formed in the form of microscale irregularities and a plurality of nanopores formed in the microstructural layer. A freezing-delaying layer is formed on a surface of the microstructural layer to delay a freezing phenomenon. Also, a hygroscopic material is accommodated in the nanopores, so that when a surface of the freezing-delaying layer starts to freeze, the hygroscopic material is discharged from the nanopores to form a hygroscopic material film, and thus adhesion between the freezing-delaying layer and ice is reduced to allow the ice to be detached from the freezing-delaying layer.

Nacelles are provided having a tubular casing, open at its opposite axial ends, with an inner wall and an outer wall which are connected to each other at the front end along a leading edge and at the rear end along a trailing edge and which enclose, together with the leading edge and the trailing edge, a cavity. To prevent the formation of ice at least in the zone of the leading edge of the nacelle, a separating member made of porous material is arranged inside the cavity to divide the cavity into an inner cavity, between the inner wall and the porous separating member, and an outer cavity, between the outer wall and the porous separating member, and to put the inner cavity in fluid communication with the outer cavity only in a front zone of the cavity in contact with the leading edge, and a two-phase fluid is contained in the cavity.

Nacelles are provided having a tubular casing, open at its opposite axial ends, with an inner wall and an outer wall which are connected to each other at the front end along a leading edge and at the rear end along a trailing edge and which enclose, together with the leading edge and the trailing edge, a cavity. To prevent the formation of ice at least in the zone of the leading edge of the nacelle, a separating member made of porous material is arranged inside the cavity to divide the cavity into an inner cavity, between the inner wall and the porous separating member, and an outer cavity, between the outer wall and the porous separating member, and to put the inner cavity in fluid communication with the outer cavity only in a front zone of the cavity in contact with the leading edge, and a two-phase fluid is contained in the cavity.

Method and system to sense ice protection fluid and verify a Fluid Ice Protection System (FIPS) is distributing the ice protection fluid correctly.

Method and system to sense ice protection fluid and verify a Fluid Ice Protection System (FIPS) is distributing the ice protection fluid correctly.

Method and system to deliver anti-ice fluid to an ice prone surface using a pressurized tank pressurized with engine bleed air. The method and system further uses an eductor to evacuate anti-ice fluid such that the anti-ice fluid's unwanted leakage is eliminated or reduced. The method and system further measures a flow rate of anti-ice fluid using a positive displacement fluid meter.

Method and system to deliver anti-ice fluid to an ice prone surface using a pressurized tank pressurized with engine bleed air. The method and system further uses an eductor to evacuate anti-ice fluid such that the anti-ice fluid's unwanted leakage is eliminated or reduced. The method and system further measures a flow rate of anti-ice fluid using a positive displacement fluid meter.

Method and system to detect ice accumulation on ice prone surfaces of an aircraft. The method and system sweeps a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) beam across ice prone surfaces to measure the shape of the ice prone surfaces. The change in shape of the ice prone surfaces indicates the presence of ice on the ice prone surface.

An inlet assembly of a nacelle includes an inlet cowl. The inlet cowl includes a lipskin that has a front section which defines the leading edge of the inlet cowl. The front section includes a composite panel and a metallic coating disposed along an exterior surface of the composite panel to protect the composite panel from damage. The lipskin defines perforations that penetrate through the composite panel and the metallic coating at the front section to convey a liquid through a thickness of the lipskin onto an exterior surface of the inlet cowl.