A method of treating an IL-12/23-related disease in a patient using an increasing dosing interval, comprises increasing the dosing interval of IL-12/IL-23 antibody to a patient, wherein the antibody is administered initially and after 4 weeks, after 16 weeks and after 28 weeks, and increasing the dosing interval after 28 weeks to an increased interval, e.g., every 16, 20 or 24 weeks.

This disclosure describes a method to induce HBV infection in cells or animal models with an HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA). The method is amenable to multiple genotypes and has excellent signal-to-noise ratios. The method can be used to identify novel anti-HBV agents, measure anti-HBV drug efficiency, and predict drug resistance.

The invention relates generally to genetically modified non-human animals expressing human polypeptides and their methods of use.

Methods, compositions and non-human animals and parts thereof are for improving germ line transmission of genetic modifications. The methods and compositions are for producing non-human embryos with a disrupted or disruptable fertility gene. The embryos can be used as hosts for the development of donor pluripotent cells, including genetically modified donor pluripotent cells, into germ cells and gametes. Additional methods and compositions are for producing from such embryos chimeric non-human animals with a disrupted fertility gene and for breeding the chimeric non-human animals with cognate non-human animals that comprise a fertility gene that lacks a disruption to produce non-human animals having substantially all gametes and/or germ cells derived from the donor pluripotent cells. Non-human gametes, germ cells, embryos and animals can be used in the subject methods.

The present invention relates to processes for transfecting cells. In particular, the present invention relates to processes for using CRISPR to incorporate a polynucleotide into the genome of an avian primordial germ cell (PGC).

It is revealed that an organ such as pancreas can be regenerated by utilizing a fact that the deficiency of an organ is complemented by injecting an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell) into a developed blastocyst in a blastocyst complementation method. Thus, the present invention has solved the above-described object. This provides a method for producing a target organ, using an iPS cell, in a living body of a non-human mammal having an abnormality associated with a lack of development of the target organ in a development stage, the target organ produced being derived from a different individual mammal that is an individual different from the non-human mammal.

The present application discloses a method of testing for efficacy of a potential drug agent against cancerous cells in a mammal, including generating the cancer cells in a mammal; contacting the cancer cells with a potential drug agent by administering the potential drug agent to the mammal; and measuring effect of the potential drug agent on the cancer cells, wherein reduction of number of cancer cells in the mammal is indicative of efficaciousness of the potential drug agent against cancerous cells.

The present invention provides a method of treating myointimal proliferation by administering a recombinant human soluble ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase (hsNPP1), active fragment or fusion protein thereof.

The present invention provides a method of constituting a tissue construct in vitro using a tissue without depending on scaffold materials.

A method of integrating a biological tissue with a vascular system in vitro, comprising coculturing a biological tissue with vascular cells and mesenchymal cells. A biological tissue which has been integrated with a vascular system by the above-described method. A method of preparing a tissue or an organ, comprising transplanting the biological tissue described above into a non-human animal and differentiating the biological tissue into a tissue or an organ in which vascular networks have been constructed. A method of regeneration or function recovery of a tissue or an organ, comprising transplanting the biological tissue described above into a human or a non-human animal and differentiating the biological tissue into a tissue or an organ in which vascular networks have been constructed. A method of preparing a non-human chimeric animal, comprising transplanting the biological tissue described above into a non-human animal and differentiating the biological tissue into a tissue or organ in which vascular networks have been constructed. A method of evaluating a drug, comprising using at least one member selected from the group consisting of the biological tissue described above, the tissue or organ prepared by the method described above, and the non-human chimeric animal prepared by the method described above. A composition for regenerative medicine, comprising a biological tissue which has been integrated with a vascular system by the method described above.

Methods and compositions are provided for generating antigen-binding proteins against a foreign antigen of interest.