A beverage container or package that includes an internal surface for promoting nitrogen bubble nucleation and growth. The surface incorporates a plurality of nanoscale structures, e.g. between 6 and 100 nanometers in size. Most preferably the structures are pits, greater than 15 nm in depth/height. Upon opening the container filled with a Nitrogen (and carbon dioxide) supersaturated beverage, a foaming effect occurs which provides a desirable head of fine bubbles when transferred to a drinking glass.

A beverage container or package that includes an internal surface for promoting nitrogen bubble nucleation and growth. The surface incorporates a plurality of nanoscale structures, e.g. between 6 and 100 nanometers in size. Most preferably the structures are pits, greater than 15 nm in depth/height. Upon opening the container filled with a Nitrogen (and carbon dioxide) supersaturated beverage, a foaming effect occurs which provides a desirable head of fine bubbles when transferred to a drinking glass.

Improvements in containers are provided, and in particular improvements in containers for preparing and dispensing foamable beverage and food products. The package may contain at least a liquid primary ingredient and a secondary ingredient and comprises at least one wall defining a chamber at least partially filled with the primary ingredient, an outlet for dispensing the prepared product, and a capsule surrounding the primary ingredient separating the secondary ingredient from the primary ingredient. The capsule may be attached to insides of opposing walls of the package such that as the opposing walls are moved further apart the capsule breaks. At least one of the ingredients may include a foaming agent such that the foamed product is produced when the capsule is broken and the primary and secondary ingredients mix.

Improvements in containers are provided, and in particular improvements in containers for preparing and dispensing foamable beverage and food products. The package may contain at least a liquid primary ingredient and a secondary ingredient and comprises at least one wall defining a chamber at least partially filled with the primary ingredient, an outlet for dispensing the prepared product, and a capsule surrounding the primary ingredient separating the secondary ingredient from the primary ingredient. The capsule may be attached to insides of opposing walls of the package such that as the opposing walls are moved further apart the capsule breaks. At least one of the ingredients may include a foaming agent such that the foamed product is produced when the capsule is broken and the primary and secondary ingredients mix.

Organ transplantation is currently recognized as the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To date, no risk-stratification system exists that adequately predicts transplant patients' individual risk of allograft loss. Described herein the development and validation of an integrative risk prediction score to predict kidney allograft survival of individual patients. A methodology of predicting whether a kidney transplant recipient is at risk of having allograft loss is accomplished by implementing the iBox risk prediction score. The methodology can be achieved using a computer-readable storage medium with program instructions which, when executed by a data-processing unit, cause execution of at least the step of implementing an algorithm of said method of predicting whether a kidney transplant recipient is at risk of having allograft loss.

Organ transplantation is currently recognized as the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To date, no risk-stratification system exists that adequately predicts transplant patients' individual risk of allograft loss. Described herein the development and validation of an integrative risk prediction score to predict kidney allograft survival of individual patients. A methodology of predicting whether a kidney transplant recipient is at risk of having allograft loss is accomplished by implementing the iBox risk prediction score. The methodology can be achieved using a computer-readable storage medium with program instructions which, when executed by a data-processing unit, cause execution of at least the step of implementing an algorithm of said method of predicting whether a kidney transplant recipient is at risk of having allograft loss.

In various embodiments disclosed herein, a carbonated beverage carafe includes a main body, a base, and a cap. The main body may be any shape desired by the user, but is typically cylindrical. The cap is threaded on to the main body to seal the main body. The device includes a mating mechanism that allows the carafe to be installed in an external carbonation device. In various embodiments, the cap includes a push button device that unseals the carafe to allow liquid to be poured out of the carafe.

In various embodiments disclosed herein, a carbonated beverage carafe includes a main body, a base, and a cap. The main body may be any shape desired by the user, but is typically cylindrical. The cap is threaded on to the main body to seal the main body. The device includes a mating mechanism that allows the carafe to be installed in an external carbonation device. In various embodiments, the cap includes a push button device that unseals the carafe to allow liquid to be poured out of the carafe.

A method includes obtaining a cartridge having a first fluid within an interior of the cartridge, where the cartridge includes a valve; obtaining a container having a second fluid within an interior of the container; obtaining a pressurizer; installing the cartridge within the pressurizer; installing the pressurizer within a container opening at a top end of the container; and opening the valve in the cartridge, to flow the first fluid within the interior of the cartridge through a first flow path in the valve, and a second flow path in the pressurizer into the second fluid in the container.

A method includes obtaining a cartridge having a first fluid within an interior of the cartridge, where the cartridge includes a valve; obtaining a container having a second fluid within an interior of the container; obtaining a pressurizer; installing the cartridge within the pressurizer; installing the pressurizer within a container opening at a top end of the container; and opening the valve in the cartridge, to flow the first fluid within the interior of the cartridge through a first flow path in the valve, and a second flow path in the pressurizer into the second fluid in the container.