A concrete marine habitat substrate tile that is portable for a human and which provides an increased calcium carbonate content and interstitial spaces for feeding and providing a habitat for developing oysters is described. Specifically provided is a reef restoration and oyster growing tile comprising: a concrete tile comprising at least 25% by weight calcium carbonate; wherein the concrete tile comprises a base and a surface disposed on the base and comprising a plurality of spaced projections and interstitial spaces; and wherein the plurality of spaced projections and interstitial spaces provide a 3-dimensional surface.

A concrete marine habitat substrate tile that is portable for a human and which provides an increased calcium carbonate content and interstitial spaces for feeding and providing a habitat for developing oysters is described. Specifically provided is a reef restoration and oyster growing tile comprising: a concrete tile comprising at least 25% by weight calcium carbonate; wherein the concrete tile comprises a base and a surface disposed on the base and comprising a plurality of spaced projections and interstitial spaces; and wherein the plurality of spaced projections and interstitial spaces provide a 3-dimensional surface.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for a biofouling removal tool. The tool can include a body having a top surface, a bottom surface, and multiple sections. The tool can also include a plurality of recesses formed in the body. In some implementations, the plurality of recesses include a first set of one or more recesses formed in a first section of the body of the tool and a second set of one or more recesses formed in a second section of the body tool. At least one of the plurality of recesses spans a height of the body. Each of the plurality of recesses is configured to accept an outer surface of a cylindrical object. Each of the plurality of recesses includes one or more edges configured to scrape an outer surface of a cylindrical object.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for a biofouling removal tool. The tool can include a body having a top surface, a bottom surface, and multiple sections. The tool can also include a plurality of recesses formed in the body. In some implementations, the plurality of recesses include a first set of one or more recesses formed in a first section of the body of the tool and a second set of one or more recesses formed in a second section of the body tool. At least one of the plurality of recesses spans a height of the body. Each of the plurality of recesses is configured to accept an outer surface of a cylindrical object. Each of the plurality of recesses includes one or more edges configured to scrape an outer surface of a cylindrical object.

An artificial fish reef using a vehicle body made of steel plate of a discarded vehicle as an artificial-fish-reef outer shell portion, the artificial fish reef includes the artificial-fish-reef outer shell portion and a carbide which is generated by using interior and exterior materials which are provided to be attendant on the vehicle body as a raw material.

An artificial fish reef using a vehicle body made of steel plate of a discarded vehicle as an artificial-fish-reef outer shell portion, the artificial fish reef includes the artificial-fish-reef outer shell portion and a carbide which is generated by using interior and exterior materials which are provided to be attendant on the vehicle body as a raw material.

A method for controlling the gate based on the habitat requirement for fish overwintering in rivers. According to the characteristics of biological habitat of the river and the habitat demand of fishes during overwintering, the method specifically comprises the steps of: firstly, determining candidate fishes for ecological flow calculation though fish resources investigating and historical data, and then screening out the target fish by adopting hierarchical analysis method; Secondly, establishing a quantitative response relationship curve between target fish physiological adaptions and water temperature, obtaining ecological water level which ensures the target fish overwintering safely according to the vertical temperature distribution, and establishing the relation between water depth and discharge using hydrodynamic model; finally, setting up a gate control system including a radar water level meter in the overwintering areas and an ecological water level management system in a gate control room.

A process for forming an artificial reef includes forming a form having a geometric shape, applying at least one blockout onto a surface of the form such that the blockout extends outwardly of the surface of the form, applying a sprayable concrete over the form and over a portion of the blockout, curing the sprayable concrete on the form for a period of time so that the sprayable concrete adheres to the blockout, and removing the cured sprayable concrete and the adhered blockout together from the surface of the form. The sprayable concrete is applied over the form until the depth of the sprayable concrete is approximately equal to a depth of the blockout. The blockout is a cinder block.

A process for forming an artificial reef includes forming a form having a geometric shape, applying at least one blockout onto a surface of the form such that the blockout extends outwardly of the surface of the form, applying a sprayable concrete over the form and over a portion of the blockout, curing the sprayable concrete on the form for a period of time so that the sprayable concrete adheres to the blockout, and removing the cured sprayable concrete and the adhered blockout together from the surface of the form. The sprayable concrete is applied over the form until the depth of the sprayable concrete is approximately equal to a depth of the blockout. The blockout is a cinder block.

The invention is directed to kits, compositions, tools and methods for biologically cemented structures. More particularly, the invention is directed to materials and methods for the farming of bivalves, such as oysters and clams, and also other marine and fresh water invertebrates such as sponges, and other commercially worthwhile sessile organisms. The kits, compositions, tools and methods of the invention are also applied to erosion control of beaches and underwater surfaces, for the formation of foundations such as footings for pier supports, marine walls and other desirable structures.