A medium feeding device includes an imaging unit which images a medium tip end portion from a position of facing a face of the medium on a downstream side of a nipping position of the medium using a feeding unit and a separating unit; and a determining unit which determines whether or not there is transport disorder by evaluating a state of a boundary between a path member which forms a medium transport path and a medium tip end from image data obtained by the imaging unit, in which the determining unit sets a rectangular determining region including at least a part of the boundary with respect to the image data, and determines whether or not there is transport disorder based on a length of a boundary in the determining region.

An image forming apparatus includes a feeding member, a conveying member, and a detecting unit. The feeding member feeds a recording material stacked on a stacking unit. The conveying member convey the fed recording material. The detecting unit detect the conveyed recording material. Where the recording material is a first type, the feeding member feeds the stacked recording material at a first speed, and the conveying member changes the first speed to a second speed that is faster than the first speed before the detecting unit detects the recording material. Where the recording material is a second type that is different from the first type, the feeding member feeds the stacked recording material a third speed that is different from the first speed, and the conveying member changes the third speed to a fourth speed that is different from the third speed after the detecting unit detects the recording material.

An image forming apparatus includes a feeding member, a conveying member, and a detecting unit. The feeding member feeds a recording material stacked on a stacking unit. The conveying member convey the fed recording material. The detecting unit detect the conveyed recording material. Where the recording material is a first type, the feeding member feeds the stacked recording material at a first speed, and the conveying member changes the first speed to a second speed that is faster than the first speed before the detecting unit detects the recording material. Where the recording material is a second type that is different from the first type, the feeding member feeds the stacked recording material a third speed that is different from the first speed, and the conveying member changes the third speed to a fourth speed that is different from the third speed after the detecting unit detects the recording material.

In a conveyance operation, a leading edge of a sheet in a sheet conveyance direction is abutted against a second conveyance member in a stopped state while a first drive source is driving a first conveyance member at the first speed, and then a second drive source starts to drive the second conveyance member with a target of a second speed while the first drive source is continuously driving the first conveyance member. A speed change processing is executed during the conveyance operation, such that the first drive source changes the first conveyance member from the first speed to a third speed that is smaller than the second speed before the second conveyance member reaches the second speed, and then changes the first conveyance member from the third speed to the second speed.

In a conveyance operation, a leading edge of a sheet in a sheet conveyance direction is abutted against a second conveyance member in a stopped state while a first drive source is driving a first conveyance member at the first speed, and then a second drive source starts to drive the second conveyance member with a target of a second speed while the first drive source is continuously driving the first conveyance member. A speed change processing is executed during the conveyance operation, such that the first drive source changes the first conveyance member from the first speed to a third speed that is smaller than the second speed before the second conveyance member reaches the second speed, and then changes the first conveyance member from the third speed to the second speed.

A sheet feeding device includes a support, a rotation driver, a guide, a support shaft, a biasing member, a leading end sensor, a roller, an outer diameter sensor, and circuitry. The circuitry causes the rotation driver to rotate a spool in a winding direction to determine a timing at which a signal change rate exceeds a change rate threshold as a passing time at which a leading end of a continuous sheet passes through the leading end sensor, causes the rotation driver to rotate the spool by a rotation angle in the winding direction, from the passing time, to position the leading end of the continuous sheet at a feeding start position, and rotates the spool in a feeding direction to feed the continuous sheet from the feeding start position along a guide portion. Further, the circuitry changes the change rate threshold based on an outer diameter of a roll.

A sheet feeding device includes a support, a rotation driver, a guide, a support shaft, a biasing member, a leading end sensor, a roller, an outer diameter sensor, and circuitry. The circuitry causes the rotation driver to rotate a spool in a winding direction to determine a timing at which a signal change rate exceeds a change rate threshold as a passing time at which a leading end of a continuous sheet passes through the leading end sensor, causes the rotation driver to rotate the spool by a rotation angle in the winding direction, from the passing time, to position the leading end of the continuous sheet at a feeding start position, and rotates the spool in a feeding direction to feed the continuous sheet from the feeding start position along a guide portion. Further, the circuitry changes the change rate threshold based on an outer diameter of a roll.

An ATM includes a sheet driving system with a sheet path along which sheets travel, and sheet sensors and sheet drive mechanisms adjacent the sheet path. One sheet drive mechanism is disposed apart from another sheet drive mechanism in a direction relative to the sheet path, and each sheet drive mechanism is selectively operative to change relative speed and direction of movement of disposed areas of a sheet as the sheet travels adjacent to the sheet drive mechanisms along the sheet path. A control system is responsive to sensing a sheet with a sensor to selectively actuate a sheet drive mechanism to change the position of the sheet relative to the sheet path.

An ATM includes a sheet driving system with a sheet path along which sheets travel, and sheet sensors and sheet drive mechanisms adjacent the sheet path. One sheet drive mechanism is disposed apart from another sheet drive mechanism in a direction relative to the sheet path, and each sheet drive mechanism is selectively operative to change relative speed and direction of movement of disposed areas of a sheet as the sheet travels adjacent to the sheet drive mechanisms along the sheet path. A control system is responsive to sensing a sheet with a sensor to selectively actuate a sheet drive mechanism to change the position of the sheet relative to the sheet path.

A media alignment calibration system determines a slope relating a trailing edge skew value to its paired leading edge skew value and an intercept representing native skew based on a linear regression of a predetermined number of a set of paired leading and trailing edge skew values for a media type stored in a buffer. Based on the slope and intercept, a media model for the media type is updated based on the linear regression to adjust a differential velocity of a pair of aligned media feed rollers in a media feed mechanism to correct both a future native skew and future paired leading and trailing edge skew values in the buffer to within a desired operational window.