A refill for holding at least two compositions comprises a container including a body and first and second compositions disposed within the body such that the first and second compositions are substantially separated and the second composition is disposed above the first composition. The refill further includes a tube disposed within the body of the container such that the tube contains the first and second compositions, wherein the tube has an inner diameter and an outer diameter. Still further, the refill includes a wick disposed within the tube, wherein the wick contains the first and second compositions and has a diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the tube to create a gap between the wick and the tube is smaller than the inner diameter of the tube to create a gap between the wick and the tube.

Oxalic acid vaporizer with integral body tube, detachable proximal end air nozzle, and floating heating element is a pest control vaporizer or pesticide vaporizer that is used to protect bees from certain pests, mites, and insects where the pesticide vaporizer expels a vapor that kills harmful pests, mites, and insects but does not harm or affect bees in the colony. Oxalic acid vaporizer with integral body tube, detachable proximal end air nozzle, and floating heating element includes an integral body tube that is without any holes, perforations, punctures, gaps, vents, or discontinuities. Oxalic acid vaporizer with integral body tube, detachable proximal end air nozzle, and floating heating element includes a detachable proximal end air nozzle. Oxalic acid vaporizer with integral body tube, detachable proximal end air nozzle, and floating heating element includes a floating heating element with a floating electrical connection.

A fumigant pesticide composition made up of a base formula and enhancement formula, which include botanical essential oil-based active ingredients and inert materials identified under the United States Environmental Protection Agency's approved list of minimum risk pesticides. The enhancement formula is effective to inhibit or enhance the release of the secondary metabolites of the essential oil-based active ingredients. An apparatus and method for the controlled release of the fumigant pesticide composition is also disclosed.

A light assembly (10) for installation in a greenhouse comprises a light unit (30) and at least one light fixture (20) mounted thereto. The light unit (30) comprises a light unit body comprising a light mounting structure (200), and a plurality of light sources mounted to the light unit body along a row. The light fixture (20) comprises a light fixture body comprising a light mounting structure (100) for mounting a light unit (30) thereto with thermal connection therebetween, a first passage (140) comprising an entry port (142) and an exit port (144) for a cooling fluid to circulate to dissipate heat conducted from the light unit (30) into the light fixture (20), a second passage (150) comprising an entry port (152) for receiving vaporizable compounds, and vaporization ports (160) fluidly connected to the second passage (150).

The invention relates to a composition for attracting Lepidopterous insects comprising a vapour blend of acetic acid and one or more compounds of formula (I), (I) wherein R is selected from the group comprising CH.sub.2OH, CN, NC, and OH; and to methods of using the composition to attract, detect, survey, monitor and/or control Lepidopterous insects.

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An extermination drone may include a transceiver; at least one detection sensor configured to detect a stinging insect; a processor communicatively connected to the at least one detection sensor and transceiver; a power supply electrically connected to the transceiver, the at least one detection sensor, and the processor; at least one propulsion means; and an insecticide treatment dispenser communicatively connected to the transceiver. The insecticide treatment dispenser may be configured to dispense an insecticide upon receiving a first signal.

The present disclosure relates to methods and devices for controlling arthropods, including insects and arachnids in an environment. The methods generally comprise: generating a near-ideal gas Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas (PHPG) that is substantially non-hydrated (e.g., in the form of water in solution or water in solution or water molecules bonded by covalence, van der Waals forces, or London forces) and substantially free of, e.g., ozone, plasma species, and/or organic species; and directing the gas comprising primarily PHPG into the environment such that the PHPG acts to control arachnids in the environment. In certain aspects, the arachnids may be totally or partially killed.

The present disclosure relates to methods and devices for controlling arthropods, including insects and arachnids in an environment. The methods generally comprise: generating a near-ideal gas Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas (PHPG) that is substantially non-hydrated (e.g., in the form of water in solution or water in solution or water molecules bonded by covalence, van der Waals forces, or London forces) and substantially free of, e.g., ozone, plasma species, and/or organic species; and directing the gas comprising primarily PHPG into the environment such that the PHPG acts to control arachnids in the environment. In certain aspects, the arachnids may be totally or partially killed.

One nonlimiting variation of a detection arrangement includes one or more sensors each structured to detect at least one biochemical substance indicative of biochemistry of one or more target insect species and provide a corresponding sensor signal, a controller responsive to the sensor signal of each of the one or more sensors to determine if the one or more insect species are present and generate a corresponding output signal, and an indicator responsive to the output signal to indicate the presence of the one or more insect species.

The present disclosure relates to methods and devices for controlling arthropods, including insects and arachnids in an environment. The methods generally comprise: generating a near-ideal gas Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas (PHPG) that is substantially non-hydrated (e.g., in the form of water in solution or water in solution or water molecules bonded by covalence, van der Waals forces, or London forces) and substantially free of, e.g., ozone, plasma species, and/or organic species; and directing the gas comprising primarily PHPG into the environment such that the PHPG acts to control arachnids in the environment. In certain aspects, the arachnids may be totally or partially killed.