A fastening member detection device includes a contact structure that moves with respect to a medium while contacting the medium, a vibration detector that detects vibration that occur in the contact structure, and a controller that determines whether there is a fastening member that fastens the medium, based on the vibration.

A medium conveying apparatus includes a conveyance guide that is supported by a frame so as to be able to be lifted and lowered, and guides a medium to a conveyance path by sliding along one surface of the medium, a conveyance roller that is rotatably supported by the frame, and conveys the medium by coming into contact with an other surface of the medium, the other surface being on the reverse side of the one surface, and a pinch roller that is supported by the frame so as to be able to be lifted and lowered, and presses the medium against the conveyance roller by coming into contact with the one surface of the medium, wherein the conveyance guide lifts or lowers the pinch roller relatively to the frame, by being lifted or lowered relatively to the frame.

A medium conveyance device includes a drive roller that conveys an original in first direction, a guide in which a first surface and a second surface are formed, a slider in which a first point and a second point are formed, a pinch roller that is rotatably supported by a pinch shaft that is fixed to the slider and that pushes the original against the drive roller, and a sensor that measures a thickness of the original based on an amount of move of the slider in a second direction that is different from the first direction, wherein the first point slides on the first surface and the second point slides on the second surface and accordingly the slider is supported on the guide movably in the second direction, and a distance between the first point and the second point is longer than a diameter of the pinch shaft.

A conveyance device includes a tray on an upper surface of the conveyance device and an upper guide below the tray. The tray receives a sheet, and the upper guide defines a conveyance path in which the sheet is conveyed. The upper guide is movable together with the tray to open the conveyance path.

A sheet conveying device includes a conveying roller configured to convey a sheet and a plurality of driven rotating units. The conveying roller includes a plurality of roller portions disposed at positions opposite to the driven rotating units. Each of the roller portions has three or more annular grooves arranged side by side. Each of the driven rotating units includes three or more driven rotating bodies that are disposed at positions opposite to the annular grooves, respectively. A plurality of convex portions and a plurality of concave portions are alternately provided on an outer edge of each of the driven rotating bodies. The driven rotating bodies include two first rotating bodies positioned at both ends and one or more second rotating bodies located between the first rotating bodies and having an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the first rotating bodies.

A sheet transport device includes a sheet storage unit that stores a sheet and that is disposed in a housing having a bottom plate such that a gap is provided between the sheet storage unit and the bottom plate, the gap extending horizontally; a sheet transport unit that feeds the sheet from the sheet storage unit and transports the fed sheet along a transport passage including a reversing transport path along which the sheet is transported downward and then upward to reverse the sheet front to back, the reversing transport path extending vertically and being connected to the gap; and a first gate unit that prevents passage of the sheet that has entered the reversing transport path when the sheet free falls and allows passage of the sheet when the sheet receives a sheet transport driving force from the sheet transport unit.

A sheet conveyance apparatus includes first and second conveyance paths, a conveyance roller pair, first and second conveyance guides, and a holding unit. The reverse unit reverses a sheet having passed through the first conveyance path. The second conveyance path conveys the sheet having passed through the first conveyance path between the reverse unit and the first conveyance path. The conveyance roller pair nips and convey the reversed sheet. The first conveyance guide forms the second conveyance path and the second conveyance guide forms the second conveyance path. The holding unit moveably holds the first conveyance guide. The first conveyance guide moves between a first position located at a first distance from the second conveyance guide and a second position located at a second distance. The sheet reversed by the reverse unit is conveyed toward the conveyance roller pair by the first conveyance guide located at the first position.

A CIPP liner feed roller for manipulating and feeding CIPP liner by pulling CIPP liner from a liner source and feeding it to where it is needed. The CIPP liner feed roller generally includes a main roller attached to a frame, a clamping roller attached to the frame and configured to be in parallel with the main roller, wherein the distance between the clamping roller and the main roller can be adjusted using one or more actuators, a drive unit comprising a motor configured to control the rotation of the main roller within the frame, a controller coupled to the drive unit and the one or more actuators, wherein the controller is configured to control the rotation of the main roller and the distance between the clamping roller and the main roller, and a support beam attached the frame and configured to be in parallel with the main roller.

A separation unit is provided for separating a web material having a web width along preformed lines of weakness. The separation unit includes at least a first shaft extending along a first longitudinal axis and at least a second shaft extending along a second longitudinal axis in parallel with the first shaft. The separation unit also includes at least one first protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the first shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the first longitudinal axis, and at least one second protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the second shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the second longitudinal axis. The separation unit further includes at least one contact element being arranged in biased abutment against at least one of the first and second protrusion elements in a direction perpendicular to the first or second longitudinal axis.

A media path includes a first media path portion, and a second media path portion opposed to the first media path portion, where the first media path portion and the second media path portion form the media path therebetween, and where, to open the media path, the first media path portion is rotatable relative to the second media path portion and the second media path portion is rotatable relative to the first media path portion.