A displacement amount calculation part in a base material processing apparatus calculates the degree of matching between an upstream data section and a downstream data section included in a first and a second detection results, which indicate time-varying changes in the positions of an edge of a base material in the width direction at an upstream and a downstream detection positions. This calculation uses calculation results obtained by sequentially calculating the degrees of matching between sub-data sections in the upstream data section and downstream sub-data sections in the downstream data section. This reduces the amount of computation and enables highly accurate detection of the amount of displacement of the base material in the transport direction on the basis of an identification result of the downstream data section that is highly matched with the upstream data section.

A displacement amount calculation part in a base material processing apparatus calculates the degree of matching between an upstream data section and a downstream data section included in an upstream and a downstream detection results, which indicate time-varying changes in the positions of an edge of the base material in the width direction at an upstream and a downstream detection positions. This calculation uses the results of comparison between signals in a predetermined frequency band extracted from the upstream detection result and signals in the predetermined frequency band extracted from the downstream detection result. Accordingly, a downstream data section that is highly matched with the upstream data section can be identified with high accuracy, and the amount of displacement of the base material in the transport direction can be detected with high accuracy on the basis of an identification result.

A paper feeding parameter management system may include air paper feeding devices and a management device. Each of the air paper feeding devices may be provided with an air paper feeder which may feed paper by blowing air and by absorption to paper and which may be provided with a paper feeding parameter capable of being switched. Each of the air paper feeding devices may be provided with a paper type information obtaining unit and a hardware processor. The paper type information obtaining unit may obtain paper type information of paper to be fed. The hardware processor (i) may adjust the paper feeding parameter of the air paper feeder and (ii) may transmit the paper type information, device configuration information regarding a device configuration of the air paper feeding device, and the adjusted paper feeding parameter to the management device.

A paper feeding parameter management system may include air paper feeding devices and a management device. Each of the air paper feeding devices may be provided with an air paper feeder which may feed paper by blowing air and by absorption to paper and which may be provided with a paper feeding parameter capable of being switched. Each of the air paper feeding devices may be provided with a paper type information obtaining unit and a hardware processor. The paper type information obtaining unit may obtain paper type information of paper to be fed. The hardware processor (i) may adjust the paper feeding parameter of the air paper feeder and (ii) may transmit the paper type information, device configuration information regarding a device configuration of the air paper feeding device, and the adjusted paper feeding parameter to the management device.

An image forming apparatus includes a detection unit to detect recording material fed from a stacking unit, a determination unit, a count unit, and a control unit. The determination unit determines that a feeding failure has occurred when the detection unit does not detect the recording material until elapse of a predetermined period. The count unit counts a number of times the feeding operation is performed for a single sheet of the recording material. When the counted number of feeding operation performance times by when the feeding failure has occurred is smaller than a threshold, the control unit restarts the feeding operation that has been stopped without waiting for a user's operation. When the counted number of feeding operation performance times by when the feeding failure has occurred is at least equal to the threshold, the control unit waits for the user's operation while the feeding operation is stopped.

An image forming apparatus includes a detection unit to detect recording material fed from a stacking unit, a determination unit, a count unit, and a control unit. The determination unit determines that a feeding failure has occurred when the detection unit does not detect the recording material until elapse of a predetermined period. The count unit counts a number of times the feeding operation is performed for a single sheet of the recording material. When the counted number of feeding operation performance times by when the feeding failure has occurred is smaller than a threshold, the control unit restarts the feeding operation that has been stopped without waiting for a user's operation. When the counted number of feeding operation performance times by when the feeding failure has occurred is at least equal to the threshold, the control unit waits for the user's operation while the feeding operation is stopped.

An example printing device may comprise a first bin to receive print media, where the first bin is a non-finishing bin, a second bin to receive print media, where the second bin is a finishing bin, a finishing device, and a controller to determine a total number of finishing device failures and redirect a print job from the second bin to the first bin in response to a determination that the total number of finishing device failures exceeds a threshold value.

A conveying apparatus includes a rotator, a driver, a measuring device, and circuitry. The rotator is configured to convey a medium. The driver is configured to apply a driving force to the rotator to rotate the rotator. The measuring device is configured to measure the driving force applied to the rotator by the driver. The circuitry is configured to: determine, according to the driving force measured, whether to change at least one of frequency and items of information to be acquired for prediction of a defective conveyance of the medium caused by the rotator; and acquire information of at least one of the items according to a result of determination, at a frequency according to the result of determination.

In one example, a torque control system for a sheet media pick mechanism to move a top sheet of media from a stack of media sheets into a nip between a pick roller and a separator roller. The torque control system includes a sensor to sense a number of consecutive pick failures and a controller operatively connected to the sensor to reduce a torque applied to the separator roller during a pick attempt after each pick failure in an amount corresponding to the number of consecutive pick failures sensed by the sensor.

In one example, a torque control system for a sheet media pick mechanism to move a top sheet of media from a stack of media sheets into a nip between a pick roller and a separator roller. The torque control system includes a sensor to sense a number of consecutive pick failures and a controller operatively connected to the sensor to reduce a torque applied to the separator roller during a pick attempt after each pick failure in an amount corresponding to the number of consecutive pick failures sensed by the sensor.