A suspension for removing microbes from a surface comprises contacting a plurality of modified particles (MPs), comprise a plurality of microparticles are coated by one or more polymers or their surfaces are covalently bonded to functionality that promotes a cationic surface. The microparticles can be a metal, metal oxide, an organic particle, or any other microparticle. A metal oxide microparticle can be functionalized by a silane coupling agent or the organic microparticle can be a polymer or copolymer that has a functionalized monomer or polymer covalently or ionically bonded to a particle. The coating can be a polymer such as polyethylene imine or chitosan. The surface can be contacted by washing with the suspension of the modified microparticles.

Herbicide compositions that include herbicide concentrate compositions (concentrates) and herbicide application compositions, as well as precursors thereof, derivatives thereof, as methods of preparing and using these compositions, the herbicide compositions containing acid herbicide, amine surfactant, and inorganic acid. The following description relates to herbicide compositions such as herbicide concentrates and herbicide application compositions, as well as compositions that are precursors to these compositions or derivatives of these compositions, and related methods.

Herbicide compositions that include herbicide concentrate compositions (concentrates) and herbicide application compositions, as well as precursors thereof, derivatives thereof, as methods of preparing and using these compositions, the herbicide compositions containing acid herbicide, amine surfactant, and inorganic acid. The following description relates to herbicide compositions such as herbicide concentrates and herbicide application compositions, as well as compositions that are precursors to these compositions or derivatives of these compositions, and related methods.

Provided is an antimicrobial photoreactive composition comprising a photocatalytic multijunction composite that is photoreactive in ordinary room lighting and comprises at least one photocatalytic heterojunction that is primarily carbon based. The composition further comprises at least one surface-coupling material, optionally at least one additive selected from a charge-transfer augmenting material, a light-capturing augmenting material, an antimicrobial augmenting material(s), or a combination thereof, and a carrier. The composition can be coupled to a surface or embedded in a cationic polymer matrix to form an antimicrobial film that is removable. Further provided is a method of disinfecting a surface comprising applying the antimicrobial photoreactive composition to a surface.

Provided is an antimicrobial photoreactive composition comprising a photocatalytic multijunction composite that is photoreactive in ordinary room lighting and comprises at least one photocatalytic heterojunction that is primarily carbon based. The composition further comprises at least one surface-coupling material, optionally at least one additive selected from a charge-transfer augmenting material, a light-capturing augmenting material, an antimicrobial augmenting material(s), or a combination thereof, and a carrier. The composition can be coupled to a surface or embedded in a cationic polymer matrix to form an antimicrobial film that is removable. Further provided is a method of disinfecting a surface comprising applying the antimicrobial photoreactive composition to a surface.

Materials with uniform electrostatic surface charge for antimicrobial pathogen inactivation meanwhile preserving safety (non-cytotoxicity) for personal and personnel use and methods for manufacturing such antimicrobial materials and uses thereof.

Materials with uniform electrostatic surface charge for antimicrobial pathogen inactivation meanwhile preserving safety (non-cytotoxicity) for personal and personnel use and methods for manufacturing such antimicrobial materials and uses thereof.

The present disclosure provides compounds that can inhibit the type III secretion system (TTSS) to decrease the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacteria. These compounds may have wide applications for treating bacteria diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria in a host species, including but not limited to, plants and animals. The present invention further relates to compositions that inhibit pathogenesis of gram-negative bacteria without killing the bacteria. Methods relating to preventing and/or treating infection of a host species by bacterial pathogens are also provided herein.

The present disclosure provides compounds that can inhibit the type III secretion system (TTSS) to decrease the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacteria. These compounds may have wide applications for treating bacteria diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria in a host species, including but not limited to, plants and animals. The present invention further relates to compositions that inhibit pathogenesis of gram-negative bacteria without killing the bacteria. Methods relating to preventing and/or treating infection of a host species by bacterial pathogens are also provided herein.

The invention provides a soluble liquid herbicide formulation comprising 2,4-D, in the form of two amine salts, an effective amount of an alkoxylate surfactant and an effective amount of ethylene glycol. The formulations of the invention are crystallisation tolerant at low temperatures.