A method for treating a pathogen, comprising the steps of: (1) providing a polyethylenimine in a solution, the polyethylenimine comprising a total cationic charge of protonated secondary amines of the polyethylenimine, the solution comprising anionic counterions associated with the protonated secondary amines; (2) tuning a protonated site of the polyethylenimine, in a formulation of the solution containing ions, to an activity coefficient () in a range of 0.93 to 0.999; (3) forming from the formulation an antibacterial film, the antibacterial film comprising a mean thickness of less than 5 m and the total cationic charge of the protonated secondary amines in a range of 0.1 to 1.8 C/in.sup.2; and (4) inactivating greater than 99% of first bacteria within less than five minutes of contact with the antibacterial film.

A method for treating a pathogen, comprising the steps of: forming a polyethylenimine with hydrochloric acid in a solution, the polyethylenimine comprising secondary amines, the secondary amines being at least partially protonated; adding sodium hydroxide to the solution of the polyethylenimine to increase a pH of the solution by at least one pH unit, such as to above 9; removing at least five percent of non-amine cations, such as sodium ions, in the solution from the solution; lowering the pH, subsequent to the step of removing, of the solution, such as to below 6, to yield a protonation level of the secondary amines in excess of fifty percent; and inactivating at least 50% of a bacteria within 10 minutes of contact of the bacteria with the solution.

A method for treating a pathogen, comprising the steps of: forming a polyethylenimine with hydrochloric acid in a solution, the polyethylenimine comprising secondary amines, the secondary amines being at least partially protonated; adding sodium hydroxide to the solution of the polyethylenimine to increase a pH of the solution by at least one pH unit, such as to above 9; removing at least five percent of non-amine cations, such as sodium ions, in the solution from the solution; lowering the pH, subsequent to the step of removing, of the solution, such as to below 6, to yield a protonation level of the secondary amines in excess of fifty percent; and inactivating at least 50% of a bacteria within 10 minutes of contact of the bacteria with the solution.

An apparatus for treating a pathogen, comprising: a liquid formulation comprising: (1) a copolymer, the copolymer comprising: acylated monomers comprising a COR.sub.1 group attached to a nitrogen of a NCH.sub.2CH.sub.2 element, wherein R.sub.1 comprises an alkyl group; and protonated monomers comprising a NH.sub.2.sup.+CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 group, the acylated monomers and the protonated monomers comprising any order in the copolymer; (2) a total cationic charge of the copolymer in a range of 0.4 to 15 C/cm.sup.3, the total cationic charge at least 98% offset by anionic counterions; and (3) an antipathogen property resultant in killing at least 99% of the pathogen within ten minutes of contact of the pathogen with the liquid formulation.

An apparatus for treating a pathogen, comprising: a liquid formulation comprising: (1) a copolymer, the copolymer comprising: acylated monomers comprising a COR.sub.1 group attached to a nitrogen of a NCH.sub.2CH.sub.2 element, wherein R.sub.1 comprises an alkyl group; and protonated monomers comprising a NH.sub.2.sup.+CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 group, the acylated monomers and the protonated monomers comprising any order in the copolymer; (2) a total cationic charge of the copolymer in a range of 0.4 to 15 C/cm.sup.3, the total cationic charge at least 98% offset by anionic counterions; and (3) an antipathogen property resultant in killing at least 99% of the pathogen within ten minutes of contact of the pathogen with the liquid formulation.

A method for treating a pathogen is described, comprising the steps of: acidifying, in a solution, a molecule, the molecule comprising an alkyl, the molecule comprising a poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) other than poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazaline, the step of acidifying forming an at least partially deacylated poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline), the at least partially deacylated poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) comprising an at least partially acidified state; adding at least one organic solvent to the solution to yield a formulation; tuning, for a protonated secondary amine of the at least partially deacylated poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline), the formulation to comprise an activity coefficient () in a range of 0.5 to 0.9999; and inactivating at least ninety percent of the pathogen within ten minutes of contact of the pathogen with the formulation.

A method for treating a pathogen is described, comprising the steps of: acidifying, in a solution, a molecule, the molecule comprising an alkyl, the molecule comprising a poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) other than poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazaline, the step of acidifying forming an at least partially deacylated poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline), the at least partially deacylated poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) comprising an at least partially acidified state; adding at least one organic solvent to the solution to yield a formulation; tuning, for a protonated secondary amine of the at least partially deacylated poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline), the formulation to comprise an activity coefficient () in a range of 0.5 to 0.9999; and inactivating at least ninety percent of the pathogen within ten minutes of contact of the pathogen with the formulation.

The present invention relates to quaternary ammonium disinfecting cleaner compositions comprising a quaternary ammonium compound, an antimicrobial amine, and an anionic scale inhibitor. Beneficially, the compositions provide sanitizing efficacy without diminished performance and without scale formation when diluted with hard water. The compositions are suitable for inactivating and/or reducing infectious agents, particularly Norovirus, Adenovirus, and Polyomavirus.

The present invention relates to quaternary ammonium disinfecting cleaner compositions comprising a quaternary ammonium compound, an antimicrobial amine, and an anionic scale inhibitor. Beneficially, the compositions provide sanitizing efficacy without diminished performance and without scale formation when diluted with hard water. The compositions are suitable for inactivating and/or reducing infectious agents, particularly Norovirus, Adenovirus, and Polyomavirus.

The present invention relates to quaternary ammonium disinfecting cleaner compositions comprising a quaternary ammonium compound, an antimicrobial amine, and an anionic scale inhibitor. Beneficially, the compositions provide sanitizing efficacy without diminished performance and without scale formation when diluted with hard water. The compositions are suitable for inactivating and/or reducing infectious agents, particularly Norovirus, Adenovirus, and Polyomavirus.