Disclosed are devices, systems, and methods for producing broad spectrum disinfectants, sanitizers, cleaner and deodorizers using chlorine dioxide compositions, and more particularly, to methods for producing chlorine dioxide compositions having improved long term stability by the proper choice of pH and through the careful choice of other product formula ingredients.

The present inventive concept is related to metal nanoparticles, such as silver (Ag) nanoparticles, including a metal core and a surface to the metal core functionalized with a positively charged molecule/polymer coating the surface such as amino (—NH.sub.2), amide ([C═O]—N), polyethyleneimine/branched polyethyleneimine (PEI/BPEI), pesticidal compositions including the metal nanoparticle, and methods of using the pesticidal compositions including the metal nanoparticle.

The present inventive concept is related to metal nanoparticles, such as silver (Ag) nanoparticles, including a metal core and a surface to the metal core functionalized with a positively charged molecule/polymer coating the surface such as amino (—NH.sub.2), amide ([C═O]—N), polyethyleneimine/branched polyethyleneimine (PEI/BPEI), pesticidal compositions including the metal nanoparticle, and methods of using the pesticidal compositions including the metal nanoparticle.

Food processing equipment, food contact surfaces, and non-food contact surfaces are sanitized or disinfected using an acid-anionic surfactant solution that has efficacy in hard water, is non-corrosive, and is stable at elevated temperatures. The sanitizing/disinfecting solution is prepared as a highly concentrated liquid and diluted to end use concentrations prior to application to food processing equipment or food or non-food contact surfaces. Efficacy in hard water is important for sanitizers and disinfectants that are diluted by the end user using potentially hard water. Stability at elevated temperatures is important for long-term storage and transportation. The diluted sanitizing/disinfecting solution exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria even when dilated in hard water. The sanitizing/disinfecting solution exhibits low toxicity to humans and the environment since it is prepared from low toxicity ingredients that are readily biodegradable.

Food processing equipment, food contact surfaces, and non-food contact surfaces are sanitized or disinfected using an acid-anionic surfactant solution that has efficacy in hard water, is non-corrosive, and is stable at elevated temperatures. The sanitizing/disinfecting solution is prepared as a highly concentrated liquid and diluted to end use concentrations prior to application to food processing equipment or food or non-food contact surfaces. Efficacy in hard water is important for sanitizers and disinfectants that are diluted by the end user using potentially hard water. Stability at elevated temperatures is important for long-term storage and transportation. The diluted sanitizing/disinfecting solution exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria even when dilated in hard water. The sanitizing/disinfecting solution exhibits low toxicity to humans and the environment since it is prepared from low toxicity ingredients that are readily biodegradable.

A synergistic disinfectant composition comprises a C1-8 organic acid, an amino acid based surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and a stabilizing agent. The C1-8 organic acid may include two or more types of the C1-8 organic acids with at least one of the C1-8 organic acids is alpha hydroxyl acid. The disinfectant composition has an antimicrobial activity of log reduction of at least 2 under Biocidal Product Registration (BPR) standard EN13727, EN1276, EN13624 or EN1499, and/or the EPA standard that applies the “Quantitative Methods for Evaluating the Activity of Microbicides used on Hard, Non-Porous Surface” issued by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In addition, the disinfectant composition may be stable during storage and retain their antimicrobial activity after at least one month at 40° C. When desired, the synergistic disinfectant composition may further comprise an oxidizing agent.

A synergistic disinfectant composition comprises a C1-8 organic acid, an amino acid based surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and a stabilizing agent. The C1-8 organic acid may include two or more types of the C1-8 organic acids with at least one of the C1-8 organic acids is alpha hydroxyl acid. The disinfectant composition has an antimicrobial activity of log reduction of at least 2 under Biocidal Product Registration (BPR) standard EN13727, EN1276, EN13624 or EN1499, and/or the EPA standard that applies the “Quantitative Methods for Evaluating the Activity of Microbicides used on Hard, Non-Porous Surface” issued by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In addition, the disinfectant composition may be stable during storage and retain their antimicrobial activity after at least one month at 40° C. When desired, the synergistic disinfectant composition may further comprise an oxidizing agent.

The present invention is directed to environmentally benign coatings that can prevent fouling of submerged structures and surfaces in the marine environment. The coating is essentially a grease composition composed of an organic acids salt, mineral oil, a solvent and alkaline silicate. The sulfonate thickener is an oil soluble dispersing agent selected from a plurality of organic acids in a form of alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt thereof, such as calcium sulfonate. Coating compositions of the invention can be used to coat surfaces, such that when such surfaces are exposed to or kept submerged in seawater they will prevent fouling of such surfaces when exposed to the marine environment for extended time.

The present invention is directed to environmentally benign coatings that can prevent fouling of submerged structures and surfaces in the marine environment. The coating is essentially a grease composition composed of an organic acids salt, mineral oil, a solvent and alkaline silicate. The sulfonate thickener is an oil soluble dispersing agent selected from a plurality of organic acids in a form of alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt thereof, such as calcium sulfonate. Coating compositions of the invention can be used to coat surfaces, such that when such surfaces are exposed to or kept submerged in seawater they will prevent fouling of such surfaces when exposed to the marine environment for extended time.

The present disclosure describes compositions comprising one or more organophosphorous or organosulfurous compounds for treating contaminants in a liquid or a liquid composition, for killing, preventing, and/or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms on surfaces, and for increasing the biomass of yeast or algae in culture. The compositions are also useful for treating contaminants in yeast fermentation broth and for cleaning or protecting surfaces from the growth of microorganisms.