The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for determining whether a patient exhibiting acute gastroenteritis will benefit from treatment with therapeutic agents that inhibit Norovirus genogroup I (GI) or Norovirus genogroup II (GII). The methods disclosed herein are based on detecting Norovirus genogroup I (GI) and Norovirus genogroup II (GII) in a stool sample without extracting viral nucleic acids from a clinical specimen prior to performing real-time reverse transcription PCR. Kits for use in practicing the methods are also provided.

A class of polycyclic compounds of general formula (I), of general formula (I), or of general formula (I), wherein Base.sup.1, Base.sup.2, Y, Y.sup.a, X.sup.a, X.sup.a1, X.sup.b, X.sup.b1, X.sup.c, X.sup.c1, X.sup.d, X.sup.d1, R.sup.1, R.sup.1a, R.sup.2, R.sup.2a, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.4a, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.6a, R.sup.7, R.sup.7a, R.sup.8, and R.sup.8a are defined herein, that may be useful as inductors of type I interferon production, specifically as STING active agents, are provided. Also provided are processes for the synthesis and use of compounds. ##STR00001##

A class of polycyclic compounds of general formula (I), of general formula (I), or of general formula (I), wherein Base.sup.1, Base.sup.2, Y, Y.sup.a, X.sup.a, X.sup.a1, X.sup.b, X.sup.b1, X.sup.c, X.sup.c1, X.sup.d, X.sup.d1, R.sup.1, R.sup.1a, R.sup.2, R.sup.2a, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.4a, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.6a, R.sup.7, R.sup.7a, R.sup.8, and R.sup.8a are defined herein, that may be useful as inductors of type I interferon production, specifically as STING active agents, are provided. Also provided are processes for the synthesis and use of compounds. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a uridine phosphoramide prodrug, the preparation method therefor, and the medicinal uses thereof. The prodrug of the present invention is a chemical compound as shown in formula I, an optical isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The prodrug of the present invention further comprises a solvate of the chemical compound shown in formula I, of an optical isomer thereof or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The prodrug of the present invention can treat viral infectious diseases, particularly hepatitis C viral infectious diseases. ##STR00001##

A class of polycyclic compounds of general formula (II), of general formula (II), or of general formula (II), wherein Base.sup.1, Base.sup.2, Y, Y.sup.a, X.sup.a, X.sup.a1, X.sup.b, X.sup.b1, X.sup.c, X.sup.c1, X.sup.d, X.sup.d1, R.sup.1, R.sup.1a, R.sup.2, R.sup.2a, R.sup.3a, R.sup.4, R.sup.4a, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.6a, R.sup.7, R.sup.7a, R.sup.8, and R.sup.8a are defined herein, that may be useful as inductors of type I interferon production, specifically as STING active agents, are provided. Also provided are processes for the synthesis and use of compounds. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are co-crystal forms of N-(2-(5-(((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-6,6-dimethyltetra-hydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-3-fluoro-[1,1-biphenyl]-2-yl)ethyl)-acetamide and L-proline or D-proline, their pharmaceutical compositions, processes of manufacture, and methods of use for treating neurodegenerative disorders such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

The present invention relates to novel, improved processes for the preparation of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and novel intermediates thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a novel, improved process for the preparation of gliflozin compounds such as empagliflozin and dapagliflozin, intermediates thereof. The product obtained from the processes of present invention may be amorphous or crystalline, or in the form of amorphous/crystalline solid dispersions/solutions with pharmaceutically acceptable polymers and preparation process thereof. Also, the products obtained from the present invention may be used for the preparation of medicaments for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases and conditions associated with SGLT-2 inhibition.

Provided are compounds generated by conjugation of triptolide with glucose to form glucose-triptolide conjugates, provides compounds with effective anti-proliferative activity and improved tolerability as compared to naturally occurring triptolide compounds.

The present disclosure provides procedures and intermediates for the preparation of Sofosbuvir, comprising the step of reacting a compound of formula 2: wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can independently be hydrogen or halogen, provided that at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is a halogen. ##STR00001##

Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a first anti-acne compound, a second anti-acne compound, and an anti-photoaging compound are described. Methods for the treatment of acne and photoaging using the compositions are also described.