A composition suitable for control of diseases caused by phytopathogens comprising (A) a compound of formula I ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 is difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl and X is chloro, fluoro or bromo; and (B) at least one compound selected from compounds known for their fungicidal activity; and a method of controlling diseases on useful plants, especially rust diseases on soybean plants.

A composition suitable for control of diseases caused by phytopathogens comprising (A) a compound of formula I ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 is difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl and X is chloro, fluoro or bromo; and (B) at least one compound selected from compounds known for their fungicidal activity; and a method of controlling diseases on useful plants, especially rust diseases on soybean plants.

A composition suitable for control of diseases caused by phytopathogens comprising (A) a compound of formula I ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 is difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl and X is chloro, fluoro or bromo; and (B) at least one compound selected from compounds known for their fungicidal activity; and a method of controlling diseases on useful plants, especially rust diseases on soybean plants.

Provided herein are screening methods for identifying compounds for use as repellents, e.g., as alternatives to DEET, and as pesticides. Further provided are one or more compounds identified using the screening methods described herein, and compositions containing such compounds.

An iturin family lipopeptides are provide for pest control, including insecticidal activity against Homoptera insects and Coleoptera insects. The iturin may be applied to seeds, plants or soil for control of agricultural pests.

A lactam compound and a salt thereof, represented by general formulae (1) and (2):

##STR00001##

In the formulae, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different, and each represent a hydrogen atom, a protective group of a carboxyl group or a cation, and X.sup.− is a halogen ion, an organic acid ion, or an inorganic acid ion.

A lactam compound and a salt thereof, represented by general formulae (1) and (2):

##STR00001##

In the formulae, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different, and each represent a hydrogen atom, a protective group of a carboxyl group or a cation, and X.sup.− is a halogen ion, an organic acid ion, or an inorganic acid ion.

A lactam compound and a salt thereof, represented by general formulae (1) and (2):

##STR00001##

In the formulae, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different, and each represent a hydrogen atom, a protective group of a carboxyl group or a cation, and X.sup.− is a halogen ion, an organic acid ion, or an inorganic acid ion.

Compositions and methods for repelling arthropods. The compositions include a carrier and an arthropod repelling compound, which can be a compound discovered by a novel and complex cheminformatic process to demonstrate repellency behavior across a broad spectrum of arthropods. The compound can be a thiane compound, a pyrrolidone compound, a cyclohexadiene compound, a cyclohexenone compound, a cyclohexene compound, a furanone compound, a pyran compound, a tetrahydropyran compound, a thiazolidine compound, a thiazoline compound, a dihydrothiophene compound, a dithiolane compound, a dithiane compound, an epoxide compound, an oxathiane compound, a cyclopentene compound, a cyclohexane compound, a quinoline compound, an oxazoline compound, a tetrahydropyridine compound, and an imidazolidinone compound, or a combination thereof.

Compositions and methods for repelling arthropods. The compositions include a carrier and an arthropod repelling compound, which can be a compound discovered by a novel and complex cheminformatic process to demonstrate repellency behavior across a broad spectrum of arthropods. The compound can be a thiane compound, a pyrrolidone compound, a cyclohexadiene compound, a cyclohexenone compound, a cyclohexene compound, a furanone compound, a pyran compound, a tetrahydropyran compound, a thiazolidine compound, a thiazoline compound, a dihydrothiophene compound, a dithiolane compound, a dithiane compound, an epoxide compound, an oxathiane compound, a cyclopentene compound, a cyclohexane compound, a quinoline compound, an oxazoline compound, a tetrahydropyridine compound, and an imidazolidinone compound, or a combination thereof.