The invention provides a method for inactivation or reduction of pathogens, microorganisms or parasites in a sample, media, composition, utility, device, surface or organism by treatment with an alkylating compound of Structure I, followed by elimination or reduction of the residual compound with Structure I by treatment with a neutralizing agent, which eliminates or reduces the toxicity or other undesirable properties of the alkylating compound with Structure I. The neutralizing agent may be present in a treatment solution or be part of a solid-phase agent, and preferably acts by eliminating the alkylating properties of the compound of Structure I.

Compositions of β-lactam antibiotics and branched poly(ethylenimine) (BPEI), and β-lactam antibiotics and potentiating compounds of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-BPEI conjugates, and methods of their use to treat infections and to remove bacterial biofilms from surfaces of devices and wounds. The BPEI and PEG-BPEI conjugates potentiate the activity of the β-lactam antibiotics so the compositions have synergistic effects against various Gram-positive bacteria. For example, the compositions can be used to treat Gram-positive bacteria, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), that have developed resistance against most β-lactam antibiotics. The BPEI and PEG-BPEI conjugates result in the resensitization of such resistant bacterial strains to traditional antibiotic therapies such as β-lactam antibiotics.

Compositions of β-lactam antibiotics and branched poly(ethylenimine) (BPEI), and β-lactam antibiotics and potentiating compounds of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-BPEI conjugates, and methods of their use to treat infections and to remove bacterial biofilms from surfaces of devices and wounds. The BPEI and PEG-BPEI conjugates potentiate the activity of the β-lactam antibiotics so the compositions have synergistic effects against various Gram-positive bacteria. For example, the compositions can be used to treat Gram-positive bacteria, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), that have developed resistance against most β-lactam antibiotics. The BPEI and PEG-BPEI conjugates result in the resensitization of such resistant bacterial strains to traditional antibiotic therapies such as β-lactam antibiotics.

Compounds of formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, and the agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds, can be used as insecticides and can be prepared in a manner known per se. ##STR00001##

Compounds of formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, and the agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds, can be used as insecticides and can be prepared in a manner known per se. ##STR00001##

A method of applying a Chemical Hybridization Agent (CHA) to a plant. The method includes providing a CHA source and bringing the CHA source in contact with a root of the plant. The method further includes having the root take up a part of the CHA. The disclosure further relates to methods of producing a haploid and/or doubled-haploid plant or hybrid seed. The disclosed method may be used in various aspects of plant breeding.

A method of applying a Chemical Hybridization Agent (CHA) to a plant. The method includes providing a CHA source and bringing the CHA source in contact with a root of the plant. The method further includes having the root take up a part of the CHA. The disclosure further relates to methods of producing a haploid and/or doubled-haploid plant or hybrid seed. The disclosed method may be used in various aspects of plant breeding.

A fungicidal composition comprising a mixture of components (A) and (B), wherein components (A) and (B) are as defined in claim 1, and use of the compositions in agriculture or horticulture for controlling or preventing infestation of plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably fungi.

A fungicidal composition comprising a mixture of components (A) and (B), wherein components (A) and (B) are as defined in claim 1, and use of the compositions in agriculture or horticulture for controlling or preventing infestation of plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably fungi.

Compounds of formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, and the agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds, can be used as insecticides and can be prepared in a manner known per se.

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