Disclosed herein are compounds in the form of polymers, oligomers and defined molecules having repeating units that all incorporate repeating units formed from an imidazolium group and a biodegradable chain connected to an adjacent repeating unit. The compounds disclosed herein may have antimicrobial activity and so may be used to treat microbial infection and/or to treat surfaces to prevent microbial infections. Also disclosed herein are methods of forming the compounds.

The present invention provides a composition comprising (A) a compound of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is methyl or methoxy, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethoxy and A is a substituted heteroaryl group, or an N-oxide or salt form thereof, and (B) one or more further herbicides; as well as the use of such compositions in controlling plants or inhibiting plant growth.

The present invention provides a composition comprising (A) a compound of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is methyl or methoxy, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethoxy and A is a substituted heteroaryl group, or an N-oxide or salt form thereof, and (B) one or more further herbicides; as well as the use of such compositions in controlling plants or inhibiting plant growth.

The present disclosure provides an antibacterial hydrophilic compound. The antibacterial hydrophilic compound may react, induced by light through a hydrogen abstraction group in the structural formula thereof, with a C—H group and thus bind to a surface of a material having the C—H group (for example, chemical fibers such as polyester, chinlon, and the like; plastics, rubbers, and other similar materials), which can impart a durable antibacterial activity and hydrophilicity to the material. The antibacterial hydrophilic compound has a relatively strong binding force to the surface of the material without damaging the mechanical properties of the raw material. The present disclosure also provides a modified material that is modified by the antibacterial hydrophilic compound.

The present disclosure provides an antibacterial hydrophilic compound. The antibacterial hydrophilic compound may react, induced by light through a hydrogen abstraction group in the structural formula thereof, with a C—H group and thus bind to a surface of a material having the C—H group (for example, chemical fibers such as polyester, chinlon, and the like; plastics, rubbers, and other similar materials), which can impart a durable antibacterial activity and hydrophilicity to the material. The antibacterial hydrophilic compound has a relatively strong binding force to the surface of the material without damaging the mechanical properties of the raw material. The present disclosure also provides a modified material that is modified by the antibacterial hydrophilic compound.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all geometric and stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof,

##STR00001##

Wherein R.sup.1, A, R.sup.2, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and Q are as defined in the disclosure.
Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a compound or a composition of the disclosure.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all geometric and stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof,

##STR00001##

Wherein R.sup.1, A, R.sup.2, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and Q are as defined in the disclosure.
Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a compound or a composition of the disclosure.

Disclosed are anti-avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) agents as well as methods of using thereof.

Disclosed are anti-avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) agents as well as methods of using thereof.

Methods of protecting a surface include applying an inner polymer layer onto a surface. The inner polymer layer is impregnated with a biologically active chemical substance that protects the surface from biofouling-induced chemical, biological, and bio-proliferative damage. The inner polymer layer is an epoxy polymer. An outer polymer layer is applied onto the inner polymer layer. The outer polymer layer is impregnated with a biologically active chemical substance that protects the inner polymer layer from biofouling-induced chemical, biological, and bio-proliferative damage. The outer polymer layer is selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes and fluorourethanes.