The present invention provides novel inhibitors of cystathionin gamma synthase (CGS), their use as selective and non-selective herbicides, agricultural and non-agricultural herbicides, herbicides in integrated pest management, herbicides for gardening, clearing waste ground, clearing industrial or constructions sites, clearing railways and railway embankments, pesticide, fungicide, agricultural plant stimulant or antimicrobial agent. Also provided is a method for the control of undesired vegetation or clearing areas from the undesired vegetation comprising applying to the locus of said undesired vegetation, to the undesired plants or to a habitat thereof, a herbicidally effective amount of the compound of the present invention.

The present invention provides novel inhibitors of cystathionin gamma synthase (CGS), their use as selective and non-selective herbicides, agricultural and non-agricultural herbicides, herbicides in integrated pest management, herbicides for gardening, clearing waste ground, clearing industrial or constructions sites, clearing railways and railway embankments, pesticide, fungicide, agricultural plant stimulant or antimicrobial agent. Also provided is a method for the control of undesired vegetation or clearing areas from the undesired vegetation comprising applying to the locus of said undesired vegetation, to the undesired plants or to a habitat thereof, a herbicidally effective amount of the compound of the present invention.

A substrate having an antibacterial surface includes a chitosan matrix and water-stable metal-organic frameworks dispersed throughout the chitosan matrix. The water-stable metal-organic frameworks are present in an amount of 5% wt/wt to 20% wt/wt based on total solids of the substrate.

A substrate having an antibacterial surface includes a chitosan matrix and water-stable metal-organic frameworks dispersed throughout the chitosan matrix. The water-stable metal-organic frameworks are present in an amount of 5% wt/wt to 20% wt/wt based on total solids of the substrate.

A system for reducing the incidence or severity of fungal infection of a plant, comprising a chemical fungicide component, which may be provided by foliar or root (soil or liquid nutrient) application, together with an antifungal plant defensin not in nature expressed in the plant being protected or expressed in lower amounts or in different tissues, provides synergistic improvement in protection against infection by a plant pathogenic fungus which is susceptible to the defensin and the fungicide. The fungicide can be a strobilurin or a triazole, and the defensin can be selected from a wide range of known defensins, for example, NaD1 and others, or it can be a chimeric defensin engineered for low toxicity to the plant. The defensin can be provided as a protein formulation, optionally together with the fungicide, or it can be provided by recombinant expression in the plant to be protected from fungal infection.

A system for reducing the incidence or severity of fungal infection of a plant, comprising a chemical fungicide component, which may be provided by foliar or root (soil or liquid nutrient) application, together with an antifungal plant defensin not in nature expressed in the plant being protected or expressed in lower amounts or in different tissues, provides synergistic improvement in protection against infection by a plant pathogenic fungus which is susceptible to the defensin and the fungicide. The fungicide can be a strobilurin or a triazole, and the defensin can be selected from a wide range of known defensins, for example, NaD1 and others, or it can be a chimeric defensin engineered for low toxicity to the plant. The defensin can be provided as a protein formulation, optionally together with the fungicide, or it can be provided by recombinant expression in the plant to be protected from fungal infection.

The present application provides antibiotic compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of treating bacterial infections using these compounds

The present application provides antibiotic compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of treating bacterial infections using these compounds

Disclosed is a fungicidal composition comprising (a) at least one compound selected from the compounds of Formula 1, including all geometric and stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, wherein A, Q, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, W and Y are as defined in the disclosure; and (b) at least one additional fungicidal compound. Also disclosed is a method for controlling plant diseases caused by fungal plant pathogens comprising applying to the plant or portion thereof, or to the plant seed, a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide, or salt thereof (e.g., as a component in the aforesaid composition). Also disclosed is a composition comprising: (a) at least one compound selected from the compounds of Formula 1 described above, N-oxides, and salts thereof; and at least one invertebrate pest control compound or agent.

##STR00001##

Disclosed is a fungicidal composition comprising (a) at least one compound selected from the compounds of Formula 1, including all geometric and stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, wherein A, Q, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, W and Y are as defined in the disclosure; and (b) at least one additional fungicidal compound. Also disclosed is a method for controlling plant diseases caused by fungal plant pathogens comprising applying to the plant or portion thereof, or to the plant seed, a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide, or salt thereof (e.g., as a component in the aforesaid composition). Also disclosed is a composition comprising: (a) at least one compound selected from the compounds of Formula 1 described above, N-oxides, and salts thereof; and at least one invertebrate pest control compound or agent.

##STR00001##