A target component is collected using a preparative separation and purification device having a holder for holding a trap column in which the target component has been captured, a liquid feeder for feeding a first solvent having compatibility with the water remaining in the trap column and a second solvent having low compatibility with water and high compatibility with the first solvent into the trap column, a flow-path switch for connecting the exit end of the trap column to a waste liquid flow path and a collection flow path, and a control unit for controlling the flow-path switch so that solution including water flows into the waste liquid flow path.

Methods for focusing analyte peaks in liquid chromatography using a spatial temperature gradient are provided. Also provided are methods for focusing analyte peaks and improving resolution using a trap column upstream of a separation column. Further, methods are provided in which the trap column placed upstream of the separation column is packed with a temperature-sensitive polymer/copolymer, and a spatial temperature gradient is applied along the trap column for obtaining improved retentivity by trap column stationary phase, and overall improved resolution of analyte peaks.

Methods for separating, monitoring, identifying, and/or quantifying a plurality of ionic species in a mixture are disclosed herein. The ionic species can include a plurality of amines in an industrial fluid. The methods can include a first chromatography step, a second chromatography step, and optionally, a third chromatography step. The first chromatography step and second chromatography step can be performed simultaneously, for example in a dual channel apparatus, such that the method can be performed in less than about 24 hours. Disclosed herein are also methods for efficiently operating a refinery.

A chromatography system includes a separation column that separates a sample carried by a compressible mobile phase flow into analytes and a splitter in fluidic communication with the separation column to receive and divide the compressible mobile phase flow into first and second mobile phase streams in accordance with a split ratio. A thermally modulated variable restrictor is coupled between the splitter and a detector. The restrictor receives the first mobile phase stream from the splitter and has a temperature element in thermal communication with the first mobile phase stream to exchange heat therewith. A controller, in communication with the restrictor, dynamically adjusts a temperature setting of the temperature element of the restrictor to adjust the heat exchange between the thermally modulated variable restrictor and the first mobile phase stream in order to keep the split ratio constant throughout a chromatographic run.

Systems, methods and devices are taught for providing analytical methods for peak-shaped responses separated in time or space, including quantitation of chromatographic peaks based on a width measurement of a peak trace at a selected height as a quantitation element. Methods of treating a peak trace as a composition of exponential functions representing a leading and a trailing end are included. Methods that facilitate the detection of impurities in peak trace outputs are also included.

A method for making a caffeoylquinic composition from a botanical source is disclosed. The method may include chromatographing an extract of biomass on an ion exchange stationary phase and obtaining an eluent comprising a caffeoylquinic composition. The biomass may be Stevia or yerba mate, for example. The caffeoylquinic composition includes one or more of monocaffeoylquinic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid, and salts of the foregoing.

A temperature swing adsorption apparatuses and process is disclosed comprising passing a feed stream to a first adsorption bed to adsorb one or more contaminants from the feed stream to produce a product stream. A regeneration gas separator overhead stream is passed to a second adsorption bed to provide a second adsorption bed effluent stream. The second adsorption bed effluent stream is passed to a heater to generate a hot regeneration effluent stream. The hot regeneration effluent stream is passed to a third adsorption bed to regenerate the third adsorption bed and provide a regeneration effluent stream. At least a portion of the regeneration effluent stream is passed to a guard bed to remove sulfur and oxygen compounds to provide a treated regeneration effluent stream. The treated regeneration effluent stream is passed to a regeneration gas separator to provide the regeneration gas separator overhead stream.

Examples of gas liquid separators include a chamber, a fluid mixture inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid outlet. The fluid mixture inlet and the gas and liquid outlets are in fluid communication with the chamber. A fluid mixture received at the fluid mixture inlet diffuses inside the chamber and is separated into a liquid and a gas. The separated liquid is gravity-fed to the liquid outlet. The gas liquid separators have reduced dispersion and increased liquid recovery in comparison to conventional gas liquid separators used for chromatographic separations. The reduced dispersion yields an improvement in the shape of chromatographic peaks.

Exemplary embodiments are directed to a gas liquid separator that includes a chamber, a fluid mixture inlet, a solvent outlet and a gas outlet. The gas liquid separator can include a phase-change inducing mechanism disposed in or proximate to the fluid mixture inlet. Exemplary methods of improving separation of a fluid mixture in a gas liquid separator and CO.sub.2-based chromatography flow systems including a gas liquid separator are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to the regulation of carbon dioxide expansion in a carbon dioxide based chromatographic system. In particular, the present disclosure relates to minimizing or eliminating the deleterious effects of carbon dioxide expansion on one or more of the solvent, the analyte(s) of interest, the separation, the detection of the analyte(s) of interest, and other related aspects in a carbon dioxide based chromatographic system.