Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include concentrating a dilute aqueous lithium source to yield an extraction feed having an extraction lithium concentration; extracting lithium from the extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate; concentrating a stream obtained from the lithium intermediate in a concentration stage to yield a lithium concentrate; and converting lithium in the lithium concentrate to lithium hydroxide.

Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include concentrating a dilute aqueous lithium source to yield an extraction feed having an extraction lithium concentration; extracting lithium from the extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate; concentrating a stream obtained from the lithium intermediate in a concentration stage to yield a lithium concentrate; and converting lithium in the lithium concentrate to lithium hydroxide.

The present invention relates to methods of regenerating ion exchange resins in systems using anhydrous organic solvents, such as systems for alkaliating or lithiating materials, such as anodes, in gamma-butyrolactone.

Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include extracting lithium from an extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate, performing one or more concentration operations, each concentration operation concentrating an input stream to yield an output feed, wherein the input stream is obtained from the lithium intermediate and/or the extraction feed is obtained from the output feed. At least one of the concentration operations includes a membrane separation operation having a plurality of reactors in series each having a semi-permeable membrane, such as a counter-flow reverse osmosis operation. Methods may also include generating a low TDS stream as a permeate from any of the one or more concentration operations, wherein the low TDS stream is recycled or used as fresh water.

A multi tank water softener system in which multiple softeners can be selectively operated in parallel, alternating, or in series in either order. The system reduces risk of Legionella and pathogen grown while also reducing salt usage by up to 40%.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for the separation of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) particle from a mixture of the AAV and at least one contaminant using anion exchange chromatography. These methods and compositions allow for improved purification of complete AAV particles from contaminants such as AAV particles that lack a complete genome (e.g., empty capsids) and AAV degradation products.

Methods and systems directed to the separation of a heavy hydrogen isotope, e.g., tritium, from an aqueous stream are described. The methods and systems incorporate a separation media that includes a proton conducting ceramic that at low temperatures preferentially adsorbs heavy hydrogen isotopes and at high temperature preferentially adsorbs lighter heavy hydrogen isotopes. The methods can be temperature controlled to sequentially purify a contaminated stream and regenerate the separation media. The separation media can be free of traditional hydrogen isotope exchange catalyst materials.

Provided herein are, inter alia, biological manufacturing and downstream purification processes.

A process for treating a hydrocarbon stream to remove polynuclear aromatic (PNA) and heavy polynuclear aromatic (HPNA) compounds includes contacting the hydrocarbon stream with an adsorbent in an adsorption unit to adsorb the PNA and HPNA compounds onto the adsorbent to produce a treated hydrocarbon stream and regenerating the adsorbent. Regenerating the adsorbent may include contacting the adsorbent with a solvent comprising a disulfide oil, such as a disulfide oil effluent from a mercaptan oxidation unit. The solvent comprising the disulfide oil desorbs the PNA and HPNA compounds from the adsorbent into the solvent to produce a desorption effluent. The treated hydrocarbon stream can be passed to a hydrocracking unit that hydrocracks the treated hydrocarbon stream to produce a hydrocracker effluent that includes greater value petrochemical products or intermediates.

The present disclosure is directed to method (100) for separating a biomolecule from a fluid (2), wherein the biomolecule is produced by biological cells in a perfusion bioreactor (3), the method comprising: forwarding (110) a product fluid comprising the biomolecule and biological cells from the perfusion bioreactor (3) during a bioreactor product output time period; loading (210) a first separation device (4) with the product fluid obtained in step (110) during a first separation loading time period, which constitutes a first part of a first separation cycle time period; pausing (130) the forwarding of the product fluid from the perfusion bioreactor during a bioreactor non-product output time period; and pausing (220) the loading of the first separation device (4) during a second part of the first separation cycle time period. Also disclosed are a computer-implemented method performed by a controller configured to control a separation of a biomolecule from a fluid (2), and further a controller, a computer program, and a computer program product.