Provided are spacers, ion-exchange devices comprising spacers, and methods of preparing spacers for improved fluid distribution and sealing throughout an ion-exchange device. These spacers can include an internal cavity surrounded by a perimeter of the spacer. The perimeter can have a first opening and a second opening within the perimeter, and the first opening and the second opening can be located on opposite sides of the internal cavity. The spacers can also have a first and second plurality of channels located within the perimeter, wherein each channel of the first and second plurality of channels extends from the internal cavity towards the first opening or the second opening.

A system for providing a pressurized liquid, having a reservoir for the liquid, which has a discharge and a feed, having a pump, having a first valve, having a separate filter chamber, having an inlet and at least one outlet, and a compressible, closed buffer body. The pump is between the discharge of the reservoir and the filter chamber and configured to increase pressure of the liquid within the filter chamber, the first valve between the feed of the reservoir and the filter chamber and configured to open in the direction of the reservoir upon attainment or exceedance of a minimum pressure of the liquid in the filter chamber. The buffer body is in the filter chamber such that it can be surrounded by liquid.

The present invention relates to the production of lithium from liquid resources such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products.

A bioprocessing system for protein manufacturing from human blood is provided that is compact, integrated and suited for on-demand production and delivery of therapeutic proteins to patients. The patient's own blood can be used as the source of cell extracts for the production of the therapeutic proteins.

The reverse osmosis centrifuge converts rotational energy into fluid velocity and conserves the energy placed into the concentrate. As concentrate travels back towards the center of the reverse osmosis centrifuge, the velocity of the fluid is converted into rotational force, thus conserving energy. To accomplish this, the reverse osmosis centrifuge includes a stationary cylindrical housing having a vacuum chamber and a vacuum pump for generating vacuum pressure in the vacuum chamber, a driveshaft coupled to a membrane cylinder rotatable within the stationary cylindrical housing, the membrane cylinder having a plurality of vertical desalination membranes, and an energy recovery turbine. The reverse osmosis centrifuge can be placed on the concentrate or waste stream outlet of a desalination or reverse osmosis facility to increase freshwater production. Through using the methods described above, plant water production can be increased up to 40%, which in turn has a dramatic effect on plant profitability.

An ion exchanger includes a housing, a tube member, and an ion exchange resin. The housing includes an inlet port and an outlet port. The tube member is arranged inside the housing. The ion exchange resin is arranged between the tube member and the housing. A first flow passage and a second flow passage are formed in the housing. The first flow passage is configured to cause the coolant that has flowed in through the inlet port to flow directly to the outlet port. The second flow passage is configured to cause the coolant that has flowed in through the inlet port and passed through the ion exchange resin to flow to the outlet port. The first flow passage and the second flow passage are formed to join together in a state of being oriented in a same direction toward the outlet port.

Rapid, animal protein free, chromatographic processes and systems for obtaining high potency, high yield botulinum neurotoxin for research, therapeutic and cosmetic use.

A water softener apparatus comprises two water softener tanks one of which is always operating, valves controlling the flow of water and a flow-meter, wherein, after a set volume of water has passed through one tank, water is passed through the other tank. The apparatus uses ion-exchange tanks which may be regenerated by brine when not softening hard water. The flow-meter preferably comprises an actuator which moves in a cyclic movement in response to the flow of a set quantity of water and actuates two service valves which send pressured water signals to a drain shuttle valve. The drain shuttle valve then diverts hard water from one tank to another and initiates regeneration of the first tank. A regeneration meter terminates the alternate regeneration of the two tanks. The regeneration meter is positioned in the apparatus of a point where brine for regeneration of the two water softener components is received into the apparatus.

The present invention relates to preparation method for the scale up production of a safe bovine heparin composed by a distinctively selected unfractioned bovine heparin polymers with low 6-O-desulfated glucosamine content and a porcine-like antico-agulant activity and protamine neutralization, and methods of its production and application. This safe bovine heparin (SB Heparin) has a comparable structure and function to the porcine heparin, the clinical usage reference, preventing clinical usage impairments as a safe pharmaceutical product, allowing its use as interchangeably drugs.

A device for ion chromatography comprises a tube with an inlet opening and an outlet opening and an inner diameter from about 40 microns to about 10 microns. There is an aperture through one side of the tube into a lumen of the tube. At least a portion of the inner surface of the tube has a first charge. An ion exchange barrier covers the aperture on an outside surface of the tube. The inner surface of the tube, from the inlet opening to the aperture, is coated with ion exchange particles having a diameter ranging from about 30 nm to about 200 nm. The ion exchange particles have a second charge opposite the first charge. The inner surface of the tube, from the outlet opening to the aperture, is not coated with ion exchange particles.