The invention relates to the technical field of adjuvant combinations with antifoam properties (antifoam adjuvant combinations) for crop protection formulations, in particular herbicidal formulations, and formulations containing said adjuvant combinations, as well as methods for producing said formulations.

In a preferred embodiment, the instant invention relates to aqueous formulations of water-soluble active crop protectant ingredients, in particular aqueous formulations of saltlike active crop protectant ingredients, and especially to formulations containing

A silicone defoamer composition of a type which defoams by being previously added to a foaming liquid includes a composite particle group of an oil containing silicone and silica.

This invention relates to a defoamer active. The defoamer active may include hydrophobized silica particles obtained by treating silica particles with a hydrophobilizing agent. The silica particles may have a BET surface of less than about 150 m.sup.2/g, a surface pH of at least about 10, and a median particle size ranging from about 2 μm to about 50 μm. The carbon content of the hydrophobized silica particles may not be more than 3%.

Compositions, methods, and kits for synthesizing, detecting, and/or quantifying nucleic acids are provided herein. Embodiments comprise a nucleic acid amplification composition comprising a thermostable DNA polymerase and agents which improve nucleic acid synthesis, amplification, detection, and/or quantification of nucleic acid targets in a crude extract or crude lysate sample.

Methods of and systems for controlling dosing of drainage aid and optionally defoamer to brown stock of a brown stock washing process are provided. Certain embodiments of the invention provide independent control of drainage aid and/or defoamer to brown stock, which tends to provide improved efficiency in dosing each of the drainage aid and the defoamer.

This invention relates to a defoamer active. The defoamer active may include hydrophobized aluminum silicate particles. Aluminum silicate particles having a surface pH of at least about 9.6 and a BET surface area of less than about 150 m2/g are treated with a hydrophobilizing agent to provide the hydrophobized aluminum silicate particles. The defoamer actives are useful to prepare defoamer compositions which are useful for preventing or reducing foam in various aqueous systems.

Disclosed herein is a method of reducing the vapor pressure of a processed crude oil, wherein such vapor pressure reduction is sufficient to allow safe transportation of the oil. After high-pressure processing for off gassing and subsequent low-pressure separation of water, a processed crude oil may still have sufficient vapor pressure to create hazardous conditions if the oil is transported. This disclosure reports that as little as 10 ppb of certain siloxane polymers applied to such processed crude oils results in treated oils with reduced vapor pressure. Vapor pressure reduction is typically about 1 psi to 10 psi after the application of the disclosed siloxane polymers.

A defoaming agent including a polymer, the polymer including: at least one first polymer chain including a polysiloxane structure represented by the following general formula (1); and at least one second polymer chain including a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (2) and bonded to the first polymer chain: ##STR00001##
wherein in the formula (1), repeating units may be in any order; each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently a C.sub.1-18 organic group comprising no fluorine atom; at least one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is the organic group comprising no less than 3 fluorine atoms; m is an integer of no less than 1; and n+m is 5 to 2000, ##STR00002##
wherein in the formula (2), X.sup.1 is a repeating unit obtainable by polymerization of an ethylenic unsaturated group; Y.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-40 hydrocarbyl group; and Z.sup.1 is a linking group linking X.sup.1 and Y.sup.1.

Reaction products of an optionally alkoxylated alcohol, a polyalkylene alcohol and a linker can be used in various applications such as defoamers. Methods of making the reaction products and defoamer compositions including the reaction products, and methods of using the reaction products to reduce or prevent foam in a composition are also disclosed. The reaction products can be used with an organic solvent or without an organic solvent to provide low VOC compositions.

Reaction products of an optionally alkoxylated alcohol, a polyalkylene alcohol and a linker can be used in various applications such as defoamers. Methods of making the reaction products and defoamer compositions including the reaction products, and methods of using the reaction products to reduce or prevent foam in a composition are also disclosed. The reaction products can be used with an organic solvent or without an organic solvent to provide low VOC compositions.