It is disclosed a method of treating municipal and/or industrial sludge, comprising the steps of: a) providing the sludge, which has a pH of at least 6; b) adding a catalyst to the sludge; c) adding a radical initiator, selected from hydrogen peroxide and percompounds to the sludge; d) adding a polymer to the sludge to provide a chemically treated sludge; e) dewatering the chemically treated sludge in at least one stage to provide a dewatered sludge cake, wherein step b) and c) may be performed in any order.

The present invention relates to a process for controlling the antifoam injection based on the pressure differential of the column. More specifically, the present invention relates to a process for controlling the antifoam injection based on the pressure differential of an aromatics extraction unit using an intelligent differential pressure transmitter. The controller communicates with the antifoam injection system so that the antifoam is injected to the unit only when it is required.

A separation system for separating a multiphase fluid into an oil fraction and at least one of a water fraction and a gas fraction includes an elongated separator vessel which includes a multiphase fluid inlet and an oil outlet located downstream of the multiphase fluid inlet, a first immersed plate heater which is positioned in the separator vessel between the multiphase fluid inlet and the oil outlet, a heating medium heater which is located externally of the separator vessel and is fluidly connected to the first immersed plate heater, a second immersed plate heater which is positioned in the separator vessel between the multiphase fluid inlet and the oil outlet and which includes an inlet and an outlet, and an oil discharge line which is connected between the oil outlet and the inlet of the second immersed plate heater. In operation, a heating fluid which is heated in the heating medium heater is circulated through the first immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid, and the oil fraction discharged from the oil outlet is circulated through the second immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid.

A sublimator control valve system may include a sublimator having an injection port, a feedwater supply, a first solenoid valve in fluid communication with the feedwater supply and the injection port of the sublimator, a first sensor in electronic communication with a first controller, the first sensor configured to measure at least one of a first pressure parameter or a first temperature parameter; and a first tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with the first controller, the tangible, non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the first controller, cause the first controller to perform operations comprising receiving, by the first controller, a command signal and the first pressure parameter, and controlling, by the first controller, the first solenoid valve in response to at least one of the command signal or the first pressure parameter.

A defoaming agent including a polymer, the polymer including: at least one first polymer chain including a polysiloxane structure represented by the following general formula (1); and at least one second polymer chain including a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (2) and bonded to the first polymer chain:

##STR00001##

wherein in the formula (1), repeating units may be in any order; each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently a C.sub.1-18 organic group comprising no fluorine atom; at least one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is the organic group comprising no less than 3 fluorine atoms; m is an integer of no less than 1; and n+m is 5 to 2000,

##STR00002##

wherein in the formula (2), X.sup.1 is a repeating unit obtainable by polymerization of an ethylenic unsaturated group; Y.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group; and Z.sup.1 is a linking group linking X.sup.1 and Y.sup.1.

The present disclosure generally relates to a method for preparing a powder or granular foam control compositions and methods for reducing or preventing or breaking foam in various applications such as powder detergents as well as coatings, cementing, concrete, gypsum board and other construction type applications or in some agricultural formulations like fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides.

Provided is a silicone based anti-foaming agent oil compound that has not only superior anti-foaming speed but also anti-foaming performance that does not degrade with repeated use or use over a long period. The silicone based anti-foaming agent oil compound comprises: (A) an essentially hydrophobic organopolysiloxane with a viscosity at 25? C. of 2,500 to 50,000 mPa.Math.s: 20 to 80 parts by mass; (B) a hydrophobic organopolysiloxane or cyclic organopolysiloxane having silanol groups at least at both terminals: 20 to 80 parts by mass; (C) a silane or silane condensation product: 1 to 10 parts by mass; and (D) a fine powder silica with a specific surface area of 50 m.sup.2/g or more: 2 to 10 parts by mass; where the total amount of (A) and (B) combined is 100 parts by mass. Also provided is a method for manufacturing the silicone based anti-foaming agent oil compound.

Rapid and long lasting defoaming is accomplished by use of a defoamer formulation employing an organopolysiloxane having siloxy groups linked by an alkylene group, a filler, a silicone resin, a silanol-terminated organopolysiloxane, and an inorganic or organic acid.

Rapid and long lasting defoaming is accomplished by use of a defoamer formulation employing an organopolysiloxane having siloxy groups linked by an alkylene group, a filler, a silicone resin, a silanol-terminated organopolysiloxane, and an inorganic or organic acid.

Defoamer formulations with rapid knockdown and extended performance contain specific polyorganosiloxanes having alkylene linkages between siloxy groups, silicone resins, fillers, a polyoxyethylene surfactant, and an organic or inorganic acid.