Efficient defoamer and foam prevention formulations contain an organopolysiloxane defoamer and an efficiency promoting waxy -ketocarbonyl-functional organosilicon compound. The compositions also preferably contain a filler and a silicone resin, and are highly efficient in surfactant-containing aqueous systems such as detergents and cleaners.

An emulsion is provided for defoaming water used in processing of various products such as cellulose or wood-based products or in food processing which is formed by reacting a fatty acid with a compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, sodium, potassium and combinations thereof so as to form a water soluble soap, dispersing the water soluble soap in water and homogenizing the dispersed water soluble soap with hydrophobic oil or hydrocarbon oil to produce the emulsion. Methods for preparing the emulsion and using the emulsion are also provided. The emulsion is advantageous in that it can improve water resistance and/or reduce the use of water resistant additives during processing of cellulose or wood-based products or food-grade products.

A delayed antifoam composition used in laundry detergent comprising an amino silicone antifoam fluid that selectively use alkyl groups selectively being R and R2 where R is a monovalent C1- to C6-alkyl radical, and R2 is a monovalent C2- to C6-alkyl radical, when in selective combination with a water soluble filler material sufficiently and effectively depresses foam at the rinsing stage without even affecting the foam depression in the washing stage. The process of making delayed antifoam detergent composition. The composition is used in diverse applications such as personal care, hair care, textile, and release and alike.

A delayed antifoam composition used in laundry detergent comprising an amino silicone antifoam fluid that selectively use alkyl groups selectively being R and R2 where R is a monovalent C1- to C6-alkyl radical, and R2 is a monovalent C2- to C6-alkyl radical, when in selective combination with a water soluble filler material sufficiently and effectively depresses foam at the rinsing stage without even affecting the foam depression in the washing stage. The process of making delayed antifoam detergent composition. The composition is used in diverse applications such as personal care, hair care, textile, and release and alike.

A method of defoaming a system subject to foaming by using a defoamer composition is disclosed. The defoamer composition contains (a) 80 to 100 wt. % of a decarboxylated rosin acid (DCR) having a density of 0.9 to 1.0 g/cm.sup.3, a flash point of 135 to 175 C., an acid value of <50 mg KOH/g, measured according to ASTM D465, and a viscosity of 15 to 60 cSt at 40 C., measured according to ASTM D-445; and (b) 0 to 20 wt. % based on total weight of the defoamer composition of at least one component selected from the group consisting of nanoparticles, surfactants, hydrophobic compounds, and mixtures thereof. The defoamer composition is very effective in controlling unwanted foam formation or reduce already formed foam in the system.

Methods are provided for defoaming water used in processing of various products such as cellulose or wood-based products or in food processing which is formed by reacting a fatty acid with a compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, sodium, potassium and combinations thereof so as to form a water soluble soap, dispersing the water soluble soap in water and homogenizing the dispersed water soluble soap with hydrophobic oil or hydrocarbon oil to produce the emulsion. Methods for preparing an emulsion used in this process are also provided. The emulsion is advantageous in that it can improve water resistance and/or reduce the use of water resistant additives during processing of cellulose or wood-based products or food-grade products.

Anionic switchable hydrophilicity solvents (ASHS) that can be reversibly converted between hydrophobic and hydrophilic forms are described. The ASHS comprise a carboxylic acid, a water-soluble base, water, and addition and removal of an acidic gas (CO.sub.2) effects the conversion between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic forms. A system and method for forming the ASHS are described, as well as applications utilizing the ASHS, including a method for separating a selected substance from a mixture, a method of removing gas from polymeric foam, and a method of extracting a hydrophobic material from a solid that is at least partially coated by the hydrophobic material.