A method of screening for a plant defense activator, which enhances an immune response of a plant, from at least one candidate substance includes: contacting a plant cell in which a jasmonic acid-dependent defense pathway and a salicylic acid-dependent defense pathway of a plant defense system are capable of working independently from each other, with a candidate substance; contacting the plant cell with a trigger material that induces an immune response; and assaying the plant cell after contacting with the trigger material based on an index representing an immune response, to select a target substance that enhances an immune response of the plant. A method of enhancing an immune response of a plant includes use of a specific compound, and a plant immune response enhancer includes the specific compound.

A fungicidal composition comprising a mixture of components (A) and (B), wherein component (A) is a 8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide of formula I and component (B) is selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr, difenoconazole, hexaconazole, azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, cyprodinil, fluazinam, isopyrazam, pyroquilon, tricyclazole, chlorothalonil, propiconazole, aminopyrifen, penconazole, prothioconazole, mancozeb, fenproprimorph, fenpropidin, sulphur and Bacillus subtilis strains, as well as to the use of the compositions in agriculture or horticulture for controlling or preventing infestation of plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably, fungi.

A fungicidal composition comprising a mixture of components (A) and (B), wherein component (A) is a 8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide of formula I and component (B) is selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr, difenoconazole, hexaconazole, azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, cyprodinil, fluazinam, isopyrazam, pyroquilon, tricyclazole, chlorothalonil, propiconazole, aminopyrifen, penconazole, prothioconazole, mancozeb, fenproprimorph, fenpropidin, sulphur and Bacillus subtilis strains, as well as to the use of the compositions in agriculture or horticulture for controlling or preventing infestation of plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably, fungi.

A preformed concentrate, capable of forming emulsion/micro-emulsion upon dilution with water, for providing peripheral desiccating effect on leaves/crops comprising: (i) a water insoluble film forming polymer; (ii) a long chain substituted amide; and (iii) an oil soluble surfactant.

A preformed concentrate, capable of forming emulsion/micro-emulsion upon dilution with water, for providing peripheral desiccating effect on leaves/crops comprising: (i) a water insoluble film forming polymer; (ii) a long chain substituted amide; and (iii) an oil soluble surfactant.

An antimicrobial preventive netting is disclosed that includes one or more photosensitizers that are capable of generating a cloud of singlet oxygen on each surface and openings through the netting in response to incident light. A depth of the singlet oxygen cloud may be less than 0.7 centimeters from a netting surface. The netting may be supported by screens, enclosures or headgear. The netting can be made by dipping or soaking the netting in a solution of one or more photosensitizers.

An antimicrobial preventive netting is disclosed that includes one or more photosensitizers that are capable of generating a cloud of singlet oxygen on each surface and openings through the netting in response to incident light. A depth of the singlet oxygen cloud may be less than 0.7 centimeters from a netting surface. The netting may be supported by screens, enclosures or headgear. The netting can be made by dipping or soaking the netting in a solution of one or more photosensitizers.

An antimicrobial preventive netting is disclosed that includes one or more photosensitizers that are capable of generating a cloud of singlet oxygen on each surface and openings through the netting in response to incident light. A depth of the singlet oxygen cloud may be less than 0.7 centimeters from a netting surface. The netting may be supported by screens, enclosures or headgear. The netting can be made by dipping or soaking the netting in a solution of one or more photosensitizers.

A method of controlling a weed including applying trifludimoxazin and glyphosate potassium salt to the weed or a habitat of the weed, wherein an application rate of trifludimoxazin is approximately 6.25 to 12.5 g per 10000 m.sup.2 and an application rate of glyphosate potassium salt is approximately 1540 g per 10000 m.sup.2.

A method of controlling a weed including applying trifludimoxazin and glyphosate potassium salt to the weed or a habitat of the weed, wherein an application rate of trifludimoxazin is approximately 6.25 to 12.5 g per 10000 m.sup.2 and an application rate of glyphosate potassium salt is approximately 1540 g per 10000 m.sup.2.