Fiber webs that may be used as filter media are provided. In some embodiments, the filter media may include multiple layers. Each layer may be designed to have separate functions in the filter media. For example, a first layer may be provided for improving dust holding capacity, a second layer for improving efficiency, and a third layer for providing support and strength to the media. By designing the layers to have separate functions, each layer may be optimized to enhance its function without negatively impacting the performance of another layer of the media.

A fluid filter material configured to have a desirable efficiency at a low pressure drop is presently disclosed. The fluid filter material has a relatively open pleatable scrim comprised of a wet-laid or dry-laid material with natural and synthetic fibers. A layer of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene filaments have a first surface bonded with the pleatable scrim and the fluid filter material is pleatable and self-supporting. The natural fibers in the scrim may comprise cellulosic fibers, cotton, rayon, or other natural fibrous materials. The scrim may also comprise synthetic fibers.

The invention provides improved filtration materials and mediums accommodating to various filter types and designs. Materials/mediums include both raw cannabis (cannabinoids) as filter components such as but not limited to fibers, as well as altered materials (compounds) such as but not limited to sponges. These materials/mediums can be fashioned into any form, shape, density or design such as but not limited to inserts for faucet attachments, mechanical oil filters, or home AC filters. A primary feature of cannabis in use as filtration material is the anti-bacterial/-microbial properties. Trace cannabinoids found in all cannabis remain chemically active through material processing, providing a surficial efficacy as high as 99% with regard to sanitizing effects. Specifically as liquids, gases or solids come in contact with these materials/mediums they will be sanitized while the materials/mediums also capture particulates, compared to UV or chlorine treatmentneither of which removes particulates.

A filter material for a filter insert of a fuel filter for separating solid particles and water droplets from fuel. The filter material comprises a particle filter medium layer through which the fuel flows first during use and at least one coalescer medium layer which lies on the particle filter medium layer on the outflow side. At least one coalescer medium layer is gradient-free in the flow direction with respect to the geometrical structure and/or physical properties and/or chemical properties of the layers. The at least one coalescer medium layer has a thickness measured in the flow direction which is maximally as large as the thickness of the particle filter medium layer measured in the flow direction.

A method for removing retroviruses from liquid samples and a nanofiber containing liquid filtration medium that simultaneously exhibits high liquid permeability and high microorganism retention is disclosed. Retroviruses are removed from a liquid by passing the liquid through a porous nanofiber containing filtration medium having a retrovirus LRV greater than about 6, and the nanofiber(s) has a diameter from about 10 nm to about 100 nm. The filtration medium can be in the form of a fibrous electrospun polymeric nanofiber liquid filtration medium mat.

A hemp-based nonwoven material manufactured by an air bonding process comprising a temperature of 150? C. for two minutes; said nonwoven material comprising between 1% and 99% hemp and between 1% and 99% of at least a second fiber; wherein the at least a second fiber is a synthetic fiber having a melt temperature of above 150? C.

The invention relates to a vacuum-cleaner filter bag comprising a wall made of an air permeable material and surrounding an inner chamber, and an inlet opening introduced into the wall. The vacuum-cleaner filter bag is characterized in that the air permeable material comprises at least one layer made from a non-woven fabric and/or a layer made from a fiber web which comprises fibers or is made from fibers which are made from a recycled plastic or a plurality of recycled plastics.

The invention provides a vacuum cleaner filter bag, comprising a wall enclosing an interior and made of an air-permeable material and an inlet opening introduced into the wall, characterized in that the air-permeable material comprises at least one layer of a nonwoven fabric which comprises powdery and/or fibrous recycled material from the production of textiles, in particular cotton textiles, and/or from wool shearing and/or seed fibers.

The invention provides a vacuum cleaner filter bag comprising a wall of an air-permeable material enclosing an interior and an inlet opening introduced into the wall, wherein the air-permeable material comprises at least one layer of a nonwoven fabric, which comprises powdery and/or fibrous recycled material from the production of textiles, in particular cotton textiles, wherein the at least one layer of the nonwoven fabric comprises powdery and/or fibrous recycled material having a density of 0.005 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.03 g/cm.sup.3, in particular of 0.007 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.02 g/cm.sup.3.

An air/gas filter medium is comprised of a substantially homogeneous core layer of feather down clusters held together by a binder to form a 3-dimensional interconnected filament structure throughout the core. The filament structure forms air pocket and connect and trap the feather down clusters which form minute air pockets between its filaments and hairs in which undesirable substances from an air/gas flow therethrough are captured. An air permeable scrim sheet is retained on a surface of the down cluster core. The down cluster core is compressed to a predetermined density to modify the average size of said minute air pockets to trap known undesirable substances from the air/gas flow.