Disclosed is a water purifier including a first storage cistern in which an inlet for flowing in water is formed, a second storage cistern for storing the purified water and having a nozzle at the outside thereof, and a filter constituted by a ceramic filter, a cartridge filter, and a mineral filter and installed to the inside of the first storage cistern and the second storage cistern to filter the water flown in the first storage cistern and make the purified water flow in the second storage cistern, the water purifier comprises a ceramic filter formed as a mixture by mixing the conventional used silicon dioxide with its particle size of 1100 micrometer with additionally one or two or more selected among silicon dioxide, tungsten, alumina (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), silver, zinc (Zn), white gold (PT), gold (Au), and titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) with nano particle size.

A filtration device including a fluid-impermeable housing having a gas inlet and outlet, and containing within the housing first filter media particles of an extended surface area substrate and containing at least one metal impregnant, and second filter media particles of an extended surface area zirconium hydroxide substrate and zinc (hydr)oxide. The device may be used in atmospheres containing various harmful gases, and may provide particularly useful improvements in NO.sub.x breakthrough times compared to a device containing only the first filter media particles or only the second filter media particles.

A filtration device including a fluid-impermeable housing having a gas inlet and outlet, and containing within the housing first filter media particles of an extended surface area substrate and containing at least one metal impregnant, and second filter media particles of an extended surface area zirconium hydroxide substrate. The device may be used in atmospheres containing various harmful gases, and may provide particularly useful improvements in NO.sub.x breakthrough times compared to a device containing only the first filter media particles or only the second filter media particles.

A water quality-upgrading device includes a container having an inner peripheral wall defining a receiving chamber and two opposite ends respectively defining an inlet and an outlet; at least two water molecule refinement layers disposed in the receiving chamber; two filtering sheets disposed at said inlet and said outlet of the container respectively; and wherein, when water flows into said receiving chamber, the water molecule refinement layers are capable of reducing dimension of water molecules so as to spread the finer water molecules on an oil sludge stained on a substance such that the finer water molecules penetrate into gaps formed between the oil sludge and an external surface of the substance, thereby reducing contact area amount and simultaneously weakening a bonding property between the oil sludge and the external surface of the substance to facilitate removal of the oil sludge off the substance by of a wiping cloth.

A method and apparatus (1) for applying a dry powder to a porous substrate (10): a) locating the porous substrate (10) in a holder (2) such that an inlet face (11) is in communication with an inlet chamber (15) and an outlet face (12) is in communication with a vacuum generator; b) establishing a gas flow through the porous substrate (10) from the inlet face (11) to the outlet face (12) by using the vacuum generator to apply a pressure reduction to the outlet face (12); c) spraying the dry powder to entrain it in the gas flow and pass it through the inlet face (11) to contact a porous structure (13) of the porous substrate (10); and d) activating a ring air blade (30) to blow off dry powder accumulated on the inlet face (11), wherein the vacuum generator remains active during activation of the ring air blade (30) such that the dry powder blown off the inlet face (11) is entrained in the gas flow and passes through the inlet face (11) of the porous substrate (10).

Systems and methods for treating a fluid with a body are disclosed. Various aspects involve treating a fluid with a porous body. In select embodiments, a body comprises ash particles, and the ash particles used to form the body may be selected based on their providing one or more desired properties for a given treatment. Various bodies provide for the reaction and/or removal of a substance in a fluid, often using a porous body comprised of ash particles. Computer-operable methods for matching a source material to an application are disclosed. Certain aspects feature a porous body comprised of ash particles, the ash particles have a particle size distribution and interparticle connectivity that creates a plurality of pores having a pore size distribution and pore connectivity, and the pore size distribution and pore connectivity are such that a first fluid may substantially penetrate the pores.

A water quality-upgrading device includes a container having an inner peripheral wall defining a receiving chamber and two opposite ends respectively defining an inlet and an outlet; at least one water molecule refinement layer disposed in said receiving chamber; two filtering sheets disposed at said inlet and said outlet of said container respectively; and wherein, when water flows into said receiving chamber, said water molecule refinement layer is capable of reducing dimension of water molecules so as to spread said finer water molecules on an oil sludge stained on a substance such that said finer water molecules penetrate into gaps formed between the oil sludge and an external surface of the substance, thereby reducing contact area amount and simultaneously weakening a bonding property between the oil sludge and the external surface of the substance to facilitate removal of the oil sludge off the substance by of a wiping cloth.

A multicomponent granular absorbent blend formed of at least a plurality of components with at least one of the components formed of smectite-containing, preferably bentonite-containing, absorbent granules, and at least one other of its components formed of absorbent granules comprised of an extrudate. Such an extruded-containing absorbent granule component can be a component formed of extruded pellets covered with an outer absorbent coating preferably composed of smectite, more preferably bentonite, and/or can be a component formed of extruded pellets used without any such smectite, preferably bentonite, outer coating producing uncoated absorbent granules which also are dust-adhering thereby reducing airborne dust in the multicomponent blend. Such a component composed of uncoated dust-adhering absorbent granules can be formed of extruded splayed pellets having at least one lobe and/or fibrillated tendrils enhancing both absorption and dust pickup in the multicomponent blend.

Systems, devices, and techniques described herein relate to iron-based desalination of water. In some cases, an inflow of water including chlorine and sodium can be received. A plurality of iron nanoparticles may capture the chlorine and the sodium. The iron nanoparticles may at least partially include Zero Valent Iron (ZVI). An outflow of the water may be emitted. The chlorine and the sodium may be omitted from the outflow.

A porous composite structure including a substrate including a plurality of nanostructures; a particle layer disposed on a surface of the substrate; and a liquid, a method of preparing the porous composite structure, an article including the porous composite structure, and an air purifier including the porous composite structure.