The present invention concerns the use, for gas separation, of at least one zeolite adsorbent material comprising at least one FAU zeolite, said adsorbent having an external surface area greater than 20 m.sup.2.Math.g.sup.1, a non-zeolite phase (PNZ) content such that 0<PNZ30%, and an Si/Al atomic ratio of between 1 and 2.5. The invention also concerns a zeolite adsorbent material having an Si/Al ratio such that 1Si/Al<2.5, a mesoporous volume of between 0.08 cm.sup.3.Math.g.sup.1 and 0.25 cm.sup.3.Math.g.sup.1, a (VmicroVmeso)/Vmicro ratio of between 0.5 and 1.0, non-inclusive, and a non-zeolite phase (PNZ) content such that 0<PNZ30%.

Sulfur-containing compounds are removed from crude CO.sub.2 by conversion to elemental sulfur in a Claus process and subsequently by hydrogenation of the Claus tail gas to convert residual sulfur-containing compounds into H.sub.2S which, after cooling to knock out water and then compressing, is removed, together with any other sulfur-containing impurities, either by physical separation or by chemical reaction with a solid metal oxide to form solid metal sulfide with subsequent oxidative regeneration to produce purified CO.sub.2 and a recycle gas comprising at least one sulfur-containing compound which is recycled to the Claus process. Some H.sub.2S in the Claus tail gas may be removed initially by selective and/or non-selective amine absorption(s) in a tail gas treatment unit prior to removal of residual H.sub.2S and any other residual sulfur-containing impurities by the physical separation or the chemical reaction steps.

This disclosure provides an apparatus and method for capturing CO2 from air, particularly from air having a temperature equal to or less than 0 oC, and/or a humidity less than 5 g of H2O per kg of air, using adsorbents. The apparatus includes an enclosure having an internal volume that contains a CO2 adsorbent bed, and a vacuum source, an input air source, and heater coupled to the enclosure such that the contents, pressure, and temperature of the interior volume of the enclosure can be controlled. Adsorbents for capturing CO2 comprise a zeolite, metal organic framework, covalent organic framework, silica, or alumina. The method provides for flowing input air into an interior volume of an enclosure containing CO2 adsorbent material, heating the CO2 adsorbent material to release the trapped CO2 and collecting it, and re-equilibrating the pressure of the enclosure.

A pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system and methods for controlling each PSA cycle performed by the PSA system to produce oxygen enriched gas during productive portions of a user breathing cycle, and to cease production of oxygen enriched gas during non-productive portions of the user breathing cycle, is provided. The PSA system synchronizes PSA cycle phases including adsorption and desorption phases with a user's individual inhalation and exhalation phases, on a breath by breath basis, such that each PSA cycle can be dynamically varied from a succeeding PSA cycle, in real time in response to variations in the user's breathing cycle. An oxygen delivery device including a breathing cycle sensor provides breathing cycle inputs to a controller for use with at least one algorithm to detect breathing flow phases during each user breath, and to synchronize each PSA cycle to the user's breathing flow phases, on a breath-by-breath basis.

A ventilator includes a bidirectional breath detection airline and a flow outlet airline. The flow outlet airline includes an airline outlet. The flow outline airline is configured to be connected to an invasive ventilator circuit or a noninvasive ventilator circuit. The breath detection airline includes airline inlet. The airline inlet is separated from the airline outlet of the flow outline airline. The ventilator further includes a pressure sensor in direct fluid communication with the breath detection airline. The pressure sensor is configured to measure breathing pressure from the user and generate sensor data indicative of breathing by the user. The ventilator further includes a controller in electronic communication with the pressure sensor. The controller is programmed to detect the breathing by the user based on the sensor data received from the pressure sensor.

The present invention concerns the use, for gas separation and/or gas drying, of at least one zeolite adsorbent material comprising at least one type A zeolite, said adsorbent having an external surface area greater than 20 m.sup.2.Math.g.sup.1, a non-zeolite phase (PNZ) content such that 0<PNZ30%, and an Si/Al atomic ratio of between 1.0 and 2.0. The invention also concerns a zeolite adsorbent material having an Si/Al ratio of between 1.0 and 2.0, a mesoporous volume of between 0.07 cm.sup.3.Math.g.sup.1 and 0.18 cm.sup.3.Math.g.sup.1, a (VmicroVmeso)/Vmicro ratio of between 3 and 1.0, non-inclusive, and a non-zeolite phase (PNZ) content such that 0<PNZ30%.

Examples of systems, apparatus and methods for separating oxygen from air are provided herein. The system comprises a separating column that includes an oxygen separating compound packed in the column for selectively and reversibly binding oxygen from the air and for releasing the selectively bound oxygen upon being heated, a heater thermally coupled to the separating column, a heat removal apparatus and an air flow controller.

A pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system and methods for controlling each PSA cycle performed by the PSA system to produce oxygen enriched gas during productive portions of a user breathing cycle, and to cease production of oxygen enriched gas during non-productive portions of the user breathing cycle, is provided. The PSA system synchronizes PSA cycle phases including adsorption and desorption phases with a user's individual inhalation and exhalation phases, on a breath by breath basis, such that each PSA cycle can be dynamically varied from a succeeding PSA cycle, in real time in response to variations in the user's breathing cycle. An oxygen delivery device including a breathing cycle sensor provides breathing cycle inputs to a controller for use with at least one algorithm to detect breathing flow phases during each user breath, and to synchronize each PSA cycle to the user's breathing flow phases, on a breath-by-breath basis.

An adsorber for purifying or separating a gas stream, wherein a granular-material filling system is made up of a cylinder that is perforated over all or part of its height, of the top end thereof of diameter Dext, and of the bottom end thereof. The distance Din-Dext is greater than twice the size of particles of the second granular material. A first granular material and the second granular material follow one another in the direction of circulation of the gas stream and are such that M>ADN. And, the second granular material is in contact both with at least a part of the outer surface of the granular-material filling system and at least a part of the inner surface of the domed top end.

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe methods of removing one or more compounds from a fluid comprising contacting a metal-organic framework (MOF) composition having a square-octahedral topology with a fluid containing one or more of CH.sub.4 and O.sub.2, sorbing one or more of CH.sub.4 and O.sub.2 with the MOF composition, and storing one or more of the CH.sub.4 and O.sub.2 with the MOF composition.