An energy efficient, environmentally greener process that converts alkali salts to various salt/fertilizer compounds and chloride/sulfate compounds is disclosed. The process uses bipolar membrane electrodialysis or multi-compartment electrolysis to initially convert potassium, sodium and lithium salts to their respective alkali and acid components. The alkali is subsequently reacted with sulfur or phosphoric acid or other acid to produce thiosulfate, phosphate, acetate or other salt products. The acid coproduct is concurrently converted to compounds such as calcium chloride, lysine hydrochloride, ammonium sulfate through solvent extraction and subsequent stripping of the loaded solvent with an appropriate alkali.

The present disclosure provides devices and methods of using same for cleansing a solution (e.g., a salt or used dialysis solution) of urea via electrooxidation, and more specifically to cleansing a renal therapy solution/dialysis solution of urea via electrooxidation so that the renal therapy solution/dialysis solution can be used or reused for treatment of a patient. In an embodiment, a device for the removal of urea from a fluid having urea to produce a cleansed fluid includes a urea decomposition unit and an electrodialysis unit.

The present disclosure provides devices and methods of using same for cleansing a solution (e.g., a salt or used dialysis solution) of urea via electrooxidation, and more specifically to cleansing a renal therapy solution/dialysis solution of urea via electrooxidation so that the renal therapy solution/dialysis solution can be used or reused for treatment of a patient. In an embodiment, a device for the removal of urea from a fluid having urea to produce a cleansed fluid includes a urea decomposition unit and an electrodialysis unit.

A method of cleaning used dialysis fluid having urea to produce a cleaned dialysis fluid, the method including passing the used dialysis fluid having urea through a combination electrodialysis and urea oxidation cell, the cell including (i) a first set of electrodes for separation of the used dialysis fluid having urea into an acid stream and a basic stream, wherein the first set of electrodes includes an anode and a cathode; (ii) one or more second set of electrodes positioned to contact the basic stream with an electrocatalytic surface for decomposition of urea via electrooxidation, wherein the one or more second set of electrodes includes an anode and a cathode; and (iii) at least one power source to provide the first and second sets of electrodes with an electrical charge to activate the electrocatalytic surface.

This disclosure provides systems and methods for direct production of lithium hydroxide by utilizing cation selective, monovalent selective, or preferably lithium selective membranes. Lithium selective membranes possess high lithium selectivity over multivalent and other monovalent ions and thus prevent magnesium precipitation during electrodialysis (ED) and also address the presence of sodium in most naturally occurring brine or mineral based lithium production processes.

The present disclosure provides devices and methods of using same for cleansing a solution (e.g., a salt solution) of urea via electrooxidation, and more specifically to cleansing a renal therapy solution/dialysis solution of urea via electrooxidation so that the renal therapy solution/dialysis solution can be used or reused for treatment of a patient. In an embodiment, a device for the removal of urea from a fluid having urea to produce a cleansed fluid includes a combination electrodialysis and urea oxidation cell.

The present disclosure provides devices and methods of using same for cleansing a solution (e.g., a salt solution) of urea via electrooxidation, and more specifically to cleansing a renal therapy solution/dialysis solution of urea via electrooxidation so that the renal therapy solution/dialysis solution can be used or reused for treatment of a patient. In an embodiment, a device for the removal of urea from a fluid having urea to produce a cleansed fluid includes a urea decomposition unit and an electrodialysis unit.

The present disclosure provides devices and methods of using same for cleansing a solution (e.g., a salt or used dialysis solution) of urea via electrooxidation, and more specifically to cleansing a renal therapy solution/dialysis solution of urea via electrooxidation so that the renal therapy solution/dialysis solution can be used or reused for treatment of a patient. In an embodiment, a device for the removal of urea from a fluid having urea to produce a cleansed fluid includes a urea decomposition unit and an electrodialysis unit.

A wastewater treatment system for treating regeneration wastewater generated by a regeneration process using an acidic aqueous solution for a desalination device for desalting water containing ammonia includes a bipolar membrane electrodialyzer for separating, from the regeneration wastewater containing an ammonia salt produced by reaction between ammonia captured by the desalination device and the acidic aqueous solution or from a solution derived from the regeneration wastewater, an aqueous solution containing an acidic solute that is the same as the acidic aqueous solution as a regeneration acidic aqueous solution. The wastewater treatment system is configured such that the regeneration acidic aqueous solution is used as at least part of the acidic aqueous solution for regeneration of the desalination device.

An acid component removal device for removing an acid component from an acid gas absorbent containing an amine, comprising: an anode; a cathode; and an electrodialysis structure having four compartments formed by arranging an first membrane which is either an anion exchange membrane or a cation exchange membrane, a second membrane which is a bipolar membrane, and a third membrane which is either an anion exchange membrane or a cation exchange membrane and which is the other of the first membrane, in this order, from the anode end to the cathode end between the anode and the cathode, with a space each between the membranes.