A washing machine includes a filter that is operably connected to a water circulation system to filter water. The filter may include a mesh filter element and a porous membrane whereby water passes through the mesh element and then through the porous membrane prior to exiting the washing machine. The porous membrane may include a plurality of openings of about 5 microns to about 100 microns to capture microparticles.

Disclosed are a membrane structure including a carbon nanomaterial and NASICON-series ceramic particles, wherein an aqueous solution can pass through an electrode and a method of fabricating the same. There is disclosed a membrane structure of a flat membrane or hollow fiber membrane form, wherein the carbon nanomaterials are intertwisted to form a three-dimensional mesh-shaped structure and the NASICON-series ceramic particles material is combined with the three-dimensional mesh-shaped structure as a complex.

A reverse osmosis composite membrane includes: a porous support; and a reverse osmosis membrane arranged on the porous support and containing a crosslinked polyamide and carbon nanotubes. The reverse osmosis membrane contains the carbon nanotubes that are disentangled in the crosslinked polyamide. A distribution of closest distances between the carbon nanotubes in the reverse osmosis membrane has a peak that is within a range of a thickness of the reverse osmosis membrane, and a half width of the peak is equal to or less than the thickness of the reverse osmosis membrane.

A process for making an iron oxide impregnated carbon nanotube membrane. In this template-free and binder-free process, iron oxide nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed onto the surface of carbon nanotubes by wet impregnation. The amount of iron oxide nanoparticles loaded on the carbon nanotubes range from 0.25-80% by weight per total weight of the doped carbon nanotubes. The iron oxide doped carbon nanotubes are then pressed to form a carbon nanotube disc which is then sintered at high temperatures to form a mixed matrix membrane of iron oxide nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed across a carbon nanotube matrix. Methods of characterizing porosity, hydrophilicity and fouling potential of the carbon nanotube membrane are also described.

A gas separation membrane containing a matrix resin and hyperbranched polymer- or dendrimer-bound, heteromorphous shaped silica nanoparticles, which are formed of heteromorphous shaped silica nanoparticles having surfaces onto which a hyperbranched polymer or a dendrimer is chemically added.

One or more embodiments relate to providing substrate for separating a first gas component from a gaseous mixture, said substrate comprising a benzimidazole-linked polymer. Also provided is a method for synthesizing a substrate for separating a first gas component from a gaseous mixture, the method comprising performing a free condensation reaction between an aryl-o-diamine and an aryl-aldehyde to yield a benzimidazole-linked polymer. Other embodiments related to providing a CO.sub.2 separation membrane comprising benzimidazole-linked polymer residing within a matrix.

Disclosed are a superhydrophobic microfiltration membrane capable of facilitating higher permeate flux without separation performance deterioration when performing a water treatment based on a membrane distillation method, a filtration module for membrane distillation comprising the same, and a method for manufacturing the same. The superhydrophobic microfiltration membrane of the present invention comprises a porous member having a plurality of fine pores having an average pore size of 1 m to 100 m and has a pure water contact angle of 130 or more.

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of membrane separation, and discloses a preparation method of a Ti.sub.3C.sub.2T.sub.x MXene quantum dot (MQD)-modified polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. The preparation method includes the following steps: subjecting a Ti.sub.3C.sub.2T.sub.x MXene material to liquid nitrogen intercalation and interlayer expansion to obtain a Ti.sub.3C.sub.2T.sub.x MQD nanomaterial; preparing an aqueous phase solution with the Ti.sub.3C.sub.2T.sub.x MQD nanomaterial and an organic phase solution; soaking an ultrafiltration (UF) base membrane in the aqueous phase solution , and removing the aqueous phase solution on a surface of the UF base membrane through blow-drying; soaking the second UF base membrane in the organic phase solution to allow interfacial polymerization to form an active layer; and allowing a composite membrane obtained after the interfacial polymerization to stand, followed by a heat treatment to further promote the interfacial polymerization.

A composite membrane of a special highly enhanced fluorine-containing proton or ion exchange membrane, a composite membrane electrode, a special highly enhanced fluorine-containing chlor-alkali battery membrane, a special release membrane and a preparation method thereof are provided. The composite membrane of the special highly enhanced fluorine-containing proton or ion exchange membrane comprises at least two layers of microporous reinforced membranes, where both sides of each layer of microporous reinforced membranes are filled with a fluorine-containing proton or ion exchange resin, the biaxial tensile strength of the composite membrane is greater than 40 MPa, the room temperature ionic conductivity is greater than 0.007 S/cm, the air permeability is extremely low, and the time required for 100 ml of air to pass through the composite membrane measured by Gurley densometer is more than 5 minutes.

An oil-water separation membrane is described. The oil-water separation membrane comprises a porous metal sheet with a photocatalyst layer on one side and a layer of nanoparticles and a surfactant on the other side. The layer of nanoparticles and surfactant create a superoleophobic and superhydrophilic coating that allows passage of an aqueous phase and rejection of an oil phase. The photocatalyst layer, combined with UV irradiation, enables degradation of organic contaminants in the aqueous phase. The oil-water separation membrane may be used as part of an oil-water separation system, and a filtered water product may be recycled through the membrane to increase the removal of organic contaminants.