Disclosed herein is a gas separation section for separating a first gas from one or more other gasses in a separation device, the gas separation section comprising: a first membrane that is substantially planar; a second membrane that is substantially planar; a first substrate that has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the second surface of the first substrate is on an opposite side of the first substrate than the first surface of the first substrate; a second substrate that has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the second surface of the second substrate is on an opposite side of the second substrate than the first surface of the second substrate; and a mesh that is arranged between the second surface of the first substrate and the second surface of the second substrate; wherein: the first substrate and the second substrate are sintered plates; the first membrane is on the first surface of the first substrate; the second membrane is on the first surface of the second substrate; the first and second membranes are both permeable by at least a first gas and not permeable by one or more other gasses; the thickness of the first membrane in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the first membrane is less than 10 micrometres; and the thickness of the second membrane in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the second membrane is less than 10 micrometres. Embodiments provide an improved gas separation device over known techniques. Advantages of the separation device according to embodiments include improved performance, easy implementation, a modular design and a scalable design.

A catalytic membrane reactor and methods of operating and producing the same are provided that efficiently produces highly pure hydrogen (H.sub.2) from ammonia (NH.sub.3) as well as operates according to other chemical conversion processes. In one embodiment, a tubular ceramic support made from porous yttria-stabilized zirconia has an outer surface that is impregnated with a metal catalyst such as ruthenium and then plated with a hydrogen permeable membrane such as palladium. An inner surface of the ceramic support is impregnated with cesium to promote conversion of ammonia to hydrogen and nitrogen (N.sub.2). The resulting catalytic membrane reactor produces highly pure hydrogen at low temperatures and with less catalytic loading. Therefore, ammonia can be used to effectively transport hydrogen for use in, for example, fuel cells in a vehicle.

An electrochemical gas conversion device is provided, that includes a flexible membrane formed in a sack-shape, where the membrane includes a gas permeable and liquid-impermeable membrane, where at least a portion of the flexible membrane is surrounded by a liquid electrolyte held by a housing, where the flexible membrane includes a gas interior, an electrically conductive catalyst coating on an exterior surface of the flexible membrane, where the flexible membrane and the electrically conductive catalyst coating are configured as a anode or a cathode, and an inlet/outlet tube configured to flow the gas to the interior, from the interior, or to and from the interior of the flexible membrane.

Disclosed is a method for producing a palladium-based permeation membrane which is suitable for the separation of hydrogen from gas-gas or liquid-gas mixtures. The permeation membrane is produced by applying a palladium complex, dissolved in a solvent, to a nanoporous support system having pores in a size range of from 0.5 nm to 50 nm, removing the solvent by drying, removing of organic constituents of the palladium complex by a heat treatment, and carrying out a final heat treatment under reducing conditions at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 900° C.

A method of joining and sealing a vanadium based membrane to a metallic connection section comprising: mounting a section of a vanadium based membrane on a connector formation of a connection section, the connection section being formed of a different metal to the vanadium based membrane, the connector formation providing a recess into which a section of the vanadium based membrane is seated and a connection interface in which the end face of the vanadium based membrane is proximate to or substantially abuts an adjoining face of the connector formation; mounting and operating a chiller arrangement in thermal contact with vanadium based membrane proximate the connection interface; heating a filler metal on the connection section to at least the liquidus temperature of the filler metal using a laser beam directed onto the filler metal located on the connection section and having a beam edge positioned at an offset location spaced apart from the connection interface a distance that attenuates direct heating of the vanadium based membrane by the laser beam, and on the connection section, such that the filler metal can flow over the connection interface from the offset location onto the vanadium based membrane; and cooling the filler metal to form a bridging section of filler metal between the vanadium based membrane and connection section over the connection interface.

A pass or tube or a section thereof or U bend in a coil in a paraffin cracker having section having a pore size in the metal substrate from about 0.001 to 0.5 microns over coated with a dense metal membrane permits the permeation of one or more of H.sub.2, CH.sub.4, CO and CO.sub.2 from cracked gases moving the reaction equilibrium to the production of ethylene and reduces the load on the down-stream separation train of the steam cracker.

Systems and methods for treating a membrane are described. The method includes causing a nanomaterial to contact at least a portion of a wall of at least on channel extending through a membrane, and causing the nanomaterial to adhere to the portion of the wall of the at least one channel. A fluid filtration system is also described. The filtration system includes a housing and a filter membrane. The housing may have a reservoir and a filter compartment. The filter membrane may have a channel extending therethrough. The channel may have a plurality of micropores along a wall thereof. The filter compartment may be configured to receive the filter membrane therein, the filter membrane configured to guide fluid thereacross to remove substances from the fluid or to modify substances in the fluid.

A cell-capturing filter that filters out cells includes a metallic porous film having a plurality of through holes that extend through a first main surface and a second main surface, which are opposite to each other. The metallic porous film includes a filtering portion including the plurality of through holes, and a frame portion disposed to surround an outer periphery of the filtering portion. In the filtering portion, a first film thickness of the metallic porous film at a center of the filtering portion is smaller than a second film thickness of the metallic porous film at a portion located closer to the frame portion than the center of the filtering portion.

An on-board vehicle reservoir containing an ammonia/organic solvent solution may be associated with a phase separator configured to isolate ammonia from the solution. The ammonia may be introduced into an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine to function as a catalytic reductant. Ammonia may be employed to generate hydrogen via catalytic decomposition of ammonia, and the hydrogen may be introduced into an exhaust gas stream to aid catalytic reactions such as catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and/or hydrocarbon (HC) and/or reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO); for instance during a cold-start period.

In a cell-capturing filter including a metal porous membrane, degradation over time is determined earlier. A cell-capturing filter includes a metal porous membrane having a plurality of through-holes that penetrate between two principal surfaces facing each other. The metal porous membrane is made of an alloy of nickel and an element selected from the group consisting of gold, platinum, and palladium, or a metal containing nickel as a main component. A metal containing copper as a main component is attached to a part of either one of the principal surfaces of the metal porous membrane. By checking a state change of the metal containing copper as a main component, degradation over time of the metal porous membrane can be determined earlier.