In one aspect, the invention relates to chemical modulators of insect olfactory receptors. In particular, compounds and compositions are provided that can inhibit sensory (e.g., host targeting) functions in airborne insects such as mosquitoes. Methods of employing such agents, and articles incorporating the same, are also provided. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Killing one or more biting arthropods selected from the group consisting of mosquitoes, bed bugs and ticks is accomplished by bringing the biting arthropods into contact with a toxic amount of a formulation comprising: (1) one or more compounds of structure (I), wherein the compounds of structure (I) comprise:

##STR00001##

wherein R is selected from the group consisting of OH, O, OC(O)R.sub.4, OR.sub.6, (OR.sub.6).sub.2, wherein each R.sub.6 is independently selected from an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.4 is a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to two double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms: X is O or CH.sub.2, with the proviso that when X is O, then R can only be O; each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of (CH) and (CH.sub.2); y is a numeral selected from 1 and 2; R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of H or a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to two double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of H and a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to three double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of H and a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to three double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, (CH.sub.2).sub.nOH, C(O)OR.sub.5, CH.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.7, CH.sub.2C(O)R.sub.8, C(O)NR.sub.9R.sub.10, CH.sub.2C(O)NR.sub.11R.sub.12 where each of R.sub.5, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 is independently selected from H and a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to three double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and n is an integer of from 1 to 12; the bond between the 2 and 3 positions in the ring structure may be a single or a double bond; and wherein the compounds of structure (I) contain from 11 to 20 total carbon atoms; and (2) one or more toxicant compounds selected from the group consisting of pyrethroids, carbamates, and organophosphates. The formulation can be a synergistic formulation.

Killing one or more biting arthropods selected from the group consisting of mosquitoes, bed bugs and ticks is accomplished by bringing the biting arthropods into contact with a toxic amount of a formulation comprising: (1) one or more compounds of structure (I), wherein the compounds of structure (I) comprise:

##STR00001##

wherein R is selected from the group consisting of OH, O, OC(O)R.sub.4, OR.sub.6, (OR.sub.6).sub.2, wherein each R.sub.6 is independently selected from an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.4 is a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to two double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms: X is O or CH.sub.2, with the proviso that when X is O, then R can only be O; each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of (CH) and (CH.sub.2); y is a numeral selected from 1 and 2; R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of H or a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to two double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of H and a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to three double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of H and a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to three double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, (CH.sub.2).sub.nOH, C(O)OR.sub.5, CH.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.7, CH.sub.2C(O)R.sub.8, C(O)NR.sub.9R.sub.10, CH.sub.2C(O)NR.sub.11R.sub.12 where each of R.sub.5, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 is independently selected from H and a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to three double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and n is an integer of from 1 to 12; the bond between the 2 and 3 positions in the ring structure may be a single or a double bond; and wherein the compounds of structure (I) contain from 11 to 20 total carbon atoms; and (2) one or more toxicant compounds selected from the group consisting of pyrethroids, carbamates, and organophosphates. The formulation can be a synergistic formulation.

The present invention relates to a herbicidal composition comprising, as active ingredients, a herbicidally active compound and an uracil compound or an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof. The herbicidal composition has excellent effects not only on selective control of monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous weeds in useful crop plants, but also on control of monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous weeds in semi-selective or non-selective areas.

The present invention relates to a herbicidal composition comprising, as active ingredients, a herbicidally active compound and an uracil compound or an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof. The herbicidal composition has excellent effects not only on selective control of monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous weeds in useful crop plants, but also on control of monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous weeds in semi-selective or non-selective areas.

The present invention provides the efficacy-enhancing agent composition for an agricultural chemical containing at least one compound (A) selected from specific ethoxylate compounds, specific polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, specific polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, specific (poly)glycerol fatty acid esters, and specific alkyl saccharides; and at least one compound (B) selected from specific polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers and specific aliphatic alcohols.

The present invention provides the efficacy-enhancing agent composition for an agricultural chemical containing at least one compound (A) selected from specific ethoxylate compounds, specific polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, specific polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, specific (poly)glycerol fatty acid esters, and specific alkyl saccharides; and at least one compound (B) selected from specific polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers and specific aliphatic alcohols.

Sustained-release composite particles having improved dispersion stability and improved sustained-release properties, and exhibiting longer-term effects, a method for producing the sustained-release composite particles, a dry powder comprising the sustained-release composite particles, and wallpaper comprising the sustained-release composite particles. The sustained-release composite particles comprise core particles containing at least one type of polymer and at least one type of functional component, and micronized cellulose coating at least a part of the surface of the core particles, the core particles and the micronized cellulose being inseparable from each other.

Sustained-release composite particles having improved dispersion stability and improved sustained-release properties, and exhibiting longer-term effects, a method for producing the sustained-release composite particles, a dry powder comprising the sustained-release composite particles, and wallpaper comprising the sustained-release composite particles. The sustained-release composite particles comprise core particles containing at least one type of polymer and at least one type of functional component, and micronized cellulose coating at least a part of the surface of the core particles, the core particles and the micronized cellulose being inseparable from each other.

The invention provides a method of treatment of a human subject to combat infestation by multicellular ectoparasites with exoskeletons, in particular head lice, which method comprises topically applying to said subject a first and a second pediculicide, said first pediculicide being a carbamate or organophosphate pediculicide and said second pediculicide being a pyrethroid or pyrethrin pediculicide, characterized in that said second pediculicide is applied between 15 minutes and 12 hours after the application of said first pediculicide.