This application provides and discloses anti-parasitic, anti-pest or insecticidal nucleic acid molecules and their calmodulin target genes for the control of arthropod parasites and pests. In particular, this application provides and discloses insecticidal nucleic acid molecules that target Varroa calmodulin gene sequences. This application further provides methods and compositions for the control and treatment of parasites and pests in Apis mellifera (honey bee) hives.

This application provides and discloses anti-parasitic, anti-pest or insecticidal nucleic acid molecules and their calmodulin target genes for the control of arthropod parasites and pests. In particular, this application provides and discloses insecticidal nucleic acid molecules that target Varroa calmodulin gene sequences. This application further provides methods and compositions for the control and treatment of parasites and pests in Apis mellifera (honey bee) hives.

According to some embodiments, a composition for stimulating the growth of phytomass and plant resistance to stress factors, containing a water-soluble composition is provided, the composition comprising: at least one amino acids; solvent compound; vitamin b in the amount of 0.01% to 1.1% by volume of the total composition; citrate, in an amount from 0.05% to 2.5% by volume of the total composition; pyruvate in an amount from 0.2% to 2.8% by volume of the total composition; malate in an amount from 0.1% to 3.5% by volume of the total composition; at least one trace element; and at least one carboxylic acid; wherein the composition is water-soluble and wherein the pH of the composition is from 5.0 to 10.3. Numerous other aspects are provided.

According to some embodiments, a composition for stimulating the growth of phytomass and plant resistance to stress factors, containing a water-soluble composition is provided, the composition comprising: at least one amino acids; solvent compound; vitamin b in the amount of 0.01% to 1.1% by volume of the total composition; citrate, in an amount from 0.05% to 2.5% by volume of the total composition; pyruvate in an amount from 0.2% to 2.8% by volume of the total composition; malate in an amount from 0.1% to 3.5% by volume of the total composition; at least one trace element; and at least one carboxylic acid; wherein the composition is water-soluble and wherein the pH of the composition is from 5.0 to 10.3. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Described are post transcriptionally chemically modified double strand RNAs (MdsRNAs) having more than 30 base pairs. The MdsRNAs inhibit gene expression in target organisms. Also described are methods of making and using MdsRNAs.

Described are post transcriptionally chemically modified double strand RNAs (MdsRNAs) having more than 30 base pairs. The MdsRNAs inhibit gene expression in target organisms. Also described are methods of making and using MdsRNAs.

A mixture of two alkoxylates surfactants, one being an aryl aliphatic carbinol alkoxylate, the other one being a dialiphatic carbinol alkoxylate, said mixture being useful for stabilizing emulsions and dispersions used in agricultural or pharmaceutical formulations. The alkoxylates surfactants may serve as substitutes for nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) and tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (TSE).

A mixture of two alkoxylates surfactants, one being an aryl aliphatic carbinol alkoxylate, the other one being a dialiphatic carbinol alkoxylate, said mixture being useful for stabilizing emulsions and dispersions used in agricultural or pharmaceutical formulations. The alkoxylates surfactants may serve as substitutes for nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) and tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (TSE).

The disclosure relates to composite pesticide plugs for delivery of one or more dsRNA plant protection materials to internal tree tissue of, for example, fruit trees. The composite pesticide plugs generally include a cellulosic material, dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) bound to the cellulosic material, and, optionally, a thermoplastic polymer matrix. The disclosure also relates to methods of preparing the composite pesticide plugs, and methods for delivering a dsRNA plant protection material to trees. After injection into the tree trunk, the composite pesticide plug can provide a uniform, relatively consistent dose of dsRNA to all parts of the tree throughout the growing season, thus reducing waste of material and cost.

The disclosure relates to composite pesticide plugs for delivery of one or more dsRNA plant protection materials to internal tree tissue of, for example, fruit trees. The composite pesticide plugs generally include a cellulosic material, dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) bound to the cellulosic material, and, optionally, a thermoplastic polymer matrix. The disclosure also relates to methods of preparing the composite pesticide plugs, and methods for delivering a dsRNA plant protection material to trees. After injection into the tree trunk, the composite pesticide plug can provide a uniform, relatively consistent dose of dsRNA to all parts of the tree throughout the growing season, thus reducing waste of material and cost.